State of Kerala Vs. Shanti Verma Jain, M.P. - Court Judgment

SooperKanoon Citationsooperkanoon.com/674528
SubjectDirect Taxation
CourtSupreme Court of India
Decided OnMay-08-1998
Case NumberCivil Appeal No. 3020 (NT) of 1986 8 May 1998
Reported in(1998)149CTR(SC)279
AppellantState of Kerala
RespondentShanti Verma Jain, M.P.
Cases ReferredKarimtharuvi Tea Estate Ltd. v. State of Kerala
Excerpt:
in the supreme court of india sujata v. manohar & d. p. wadhwa, jj. kerala agricultural income tax act, 1950, section 4 - code of civil procedure, 1908.[c.a. no. 5/1908]. order 39, rules 1 & 2: [b.p. singh & h.s. bedi, jj] grant of injunction - infringement of trademark and copyright trademark in question used by predecessors of plaintiff since 1940 challenge is to identical mark and packaging used by defendant from the year 2000 suit filed in the year 2003 held, it is not a ground for refusal to exercise discretion in favour of claim for interim relief. in the instant case supreme court granted interim injunction restraining the defendant/respondent from using the trademark glucose-d. - high court said that taken as charitable trust the benefits of the trust were not confined to any particular religious community or caste and for the reason it did not fall under the exclusion in clause (b) of sub-section 3 of section 4 of the act as well. objects of the trust clearly show that trust is meant for propagation of jain religion and rendering help to the followers of jain religion.d. p. wadhwa j.state of kerala in this appeal is challenging the judgment dated 6-2- 1986 of the division bench of the kerala high court holding that msp family jain trust (hereinafter referred to as the trust), of which the respondent is the president, is exempt from payment of tax on its agricultural income under section 4 of the kerala agricultural income tax act, 1950 (hereinafter referred to as the act) as amended by kerala act 9 of 1974. high court in its impugned judgment reversed the findings of the authorities under the act that trust was a private family trust and the dominant object of the trust was to propagate a particular religion and to render service to the followers of that religion and it could not be treated as a public trust. the authorities had also found that most of the income of the trust was spent outside the state of kerala.2. for the assessment year 1974-75 (accounting year 1973-74)the trust filed its return of agricultural income under the act showing net profit of rs 53,191.39 and claimed exemption for the entire income. the assessing officer by his order dated 24-3-1980 assessed the income of the trust at rs 63,099.00. he declined the claim of exemption made by the trust stating that under section 4 of the act as amended the benefit was applicable only to the extent to which the income of the trust was applied to charitable purposes within the state, trust filed appeal against the assessment order before the appellate assistant commissioner of agricultural income tax and sales tax, who, by order dated 9-9-1980, dismissed the same, further, appeal was filed by the trust before the kerala agricultural income tax appellate tribunal, it was also dismissed by judgment dated 6-8-1981. at the instance of the trust following questions of law were referred to the kerala high court under section 60 of the act for the opinion of the high court:-1. 'whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, this tribunal is right in holding that section 4 of act 22 of 1950 as amended by act 1974 is applicable for the assessment of the tax for the accounting year 1973-74?2. whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, this tribunal is right in holding that since the object of the trust being propagation of jain religion and the service of its followers, the trust is not entitled for the claim of exemption from tax under section 4 as it stands after the amendment of the act by act 9/74.3. whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the tribunal is right in holding that even the amount spent in this state in furtherance of the objects of the trust cannot be treated as allowable items of expenses and4. whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, this tribunal has any material in inferring and is it justified in entering into a finding that the object of the trust is only to spend money for the propagation of a particular type of religion and for the services of its followers'3. high court answered the first question in favour of the revenue in view of decision of this court in karimtharuvi tea estate ltd. v. state of kerala : [1966]60itr262(sc) .high court held that trust was both religious and charitable and even if it construed as private religious trust the benefit to the public provided for in the trust deed took it out of the exclusion of clause (a) of sub-section (3)of section 4 of the act. high court said that taken as charitable trust the benefits of the trust were not confined to any particular religious community or caste and for the reason it did not fall under the exclusion in clause (b) of sub-section 3 of section 4 of the act as well. high court was, thus, of the view that the income of the trust was entitled to exemption under section 4 of the act except to the extent to which its income was not applied for charitable or religious purposes within the state. high court answered questions 2, 3 and 4 in favour of the trust and against the revenue.4. relevant part of section 4 of the act, on the basis of which trust claimed exemption, is as under:4. ' total agricultural income (1) subject to the provisions of this act, the total agricultural income of any previous year of any person comprises all agricultural income derived from land situated within the state and received by him within or without the state, but does not include-(a).....any agricultural income derived from property held under trust wholly for charitable or religious purposes,to the extent to which such income is applied to such purposes in the state,(c) any agricultural income derived from property held under trust in part only for such purposes, to the extent to which such income is applied to such purposes in the state.(3) nothing contained in clause(b) or clause (c) of sub-section (1) shall operate so as to exclude from the total agricultural income of the previous year of the person in receipt thereof.(a)any part of the agricultural income from the property held under trust for private religious purposes which does not ensure for the benefit of the public.(b) in the case of a trust for charitable purposes or a charitable institution,any agricultural income thereof, if the trust or institution is created or established for the benefit of any particular religious community or caste;5. it is not disputed that the trust derived agricultural income from the property held under the trust. the question is if the trust is wholly for charitable or religious purposes to seek exemption from payment of tax on such income and further if such income is applied to such charitable and religious purposes in the state of kerala. exemption provided under section 4(1)(b) can be denied under section 4(3)(a)if any part of the agricultural income from property held under the trust for private religious purposes is not meant for the benefit of the public and (b) in the case of agricultural income of trust for charitable purposes if it is established only for the benefit of particular religious community or caste. as noted above the tribunal found that the trust was a private family trust. that was not the subject matter of reference in any of the questions referred to the high court. but the high courts finding was that the trust was a public trust. high court fell in error in going into the question if the assessee was a public trust or a private trust. that being so section 4(1)(b) and section 4(1)(c) were not applicable to the assessee trust. the authority under the act including the appellate tribunal minutely examined various terms of the trust deed and found that for all intents and purposes the object of the trust was to propagate a particular religion and to render service to the followers of that religion, particularly, with reference to the families, who created the trust. assessee, therefore, could not be considered for exemption, being a private trust, set up to promote a particular religion whose agricultural income does not ensure for the benefit of general public. it was also found that most part of the agricultural income was spent for several purposes outside the state of kerala. the exemption is allowed to the extent to which such agricultural income is applied to such purposes within the state of kerala, if it is a public trust. high court decided the questions referred to it only in abstract without considering as to how much agricultural income of the trust was spent in kerala. we have also examined the trust deed which was produced at the time of arguments. the deed of trust and the rules run into more than thirty pages out of which six pages of the trust deed narrate philosophy of jain dharma. objects of the trust clearly show that trust is meant for propagation of jain religion and rendering help to the followers of jain religion. even the medical aid and similar facilities are to be rendered to persons devoted to jain religion and to non-jains if suffering from ailments but the medical aid could be given to them only if any member of the families, managing the trust, shows sympathy and is interested in their treatment. tribunal, in our opinion, was right in its conclusion that the dominant purpose of the trust in the present case was propagation of jain religion and to serve its followers and any part of agricultural income of the trust spent in the state of kerala also could not be treated as allowable item of the expenses.6. accordingly, we will set aside the impugned judgment of the high court and the answer the questions 2 to 4 in favour of the revenue and against the assessee trust. there will be no order as to costs.
Judgment:

D. P. Wadhwa J.

State of Kerala in this appeal is challenging the judgment dated 6-2- 1986 of the Division Bench of the Kerala High Court holding that MSP Family Jain Trust (hereinafter referred to as the Trust), of which the respondent is the President, is exempt from payment of tax on its agricultural income under section 4 of the Kerala Agricultural Income Tax Act, 1950 (hereinafter referred to as the Act) as amended by Kerala Act 9 of 1974. High Court in its impugned judgment reversed the findings of the authorities under the Act that Trust was a private family trust and the dominant object of the Trust was to propagate a particular religion and to render service to the followers of that religion and it could not be treated as a public trust. The authorities had also found that most of the income of the Trust was spent outside the State of Kerala.

2. For the assessment year 1974-75 (Accounting year 1973-74)the Trust filed its return of agricultural income under the Act showing net profit of Rs 53,191.39 and claimed exemption for the entire income. The assessing officer by his order dated 24-3-1980 assessed the income of the Trust at Rs 63,099.00. He declined the claim of exemption made by the Trust stating that under section 4 of the Act as amended the benefit was applicable only to the extent to which the income of the Trust was applied to charitable purposes within the State, Trust filed appeal against the assessment order before the Appellate Assistant Commissioner of Agricultural Income Tax and Sales Tax, who, by order dated 9-9-1980, dismissed the same, Further, appeal was filed by the Trust before the Kerala Agricultural Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, it was also dismissed by judgment dated 6-8-1981. At the instance of the Trust following questions of law were referred to the Kerala High Court under section 60 of the Act for the opinion of the High Court:-

1. 'Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, this Tribunal is right in holding that section 4 of Act 22 of 1950 as amended by Act 1974 is applicable for the assessment of the tax for the accounting year 1973-74?

2. Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, this Tribunal is right in holding that since the object of the Trust being propagation of Jain Religion and the service of its followers, the trust is not entitled for the claim of exemption from tax under section 4 as it stands after the amendment of the Act by Act 9/74.

3. Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal is right in holding that even the amount spent in this State in furtherance of the objects of the Trust cannot be treated as allowable items of expenses and

4. Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, this Tribunal has any material in inferring and is it justified in entering into a finding that the object of the trust is only to spend money for the propagation of a particular type of religion and for the services of its followers'

3. High Court answered the first question in favour of the revenue in view of decision of this court in Karimtharuvi Tea Estate Ltd. v. State of Kerala : [1966]60ITR262(SC) .High Court held that Trust was both religious and charitable and even if it construed as private religious trust the benefit to the public provided for in the trust deed took it out of the exclusion of clause (a) of sub-section (3)of section 4 of the Act. High Court said that taken as charitable Trust the benefits of the Trust were not confined to any particular religious community or caste and for the reason it did not fall under the exclusion in clause (b) of sub-section 3 of section 4 of the Act as well. High Court was, thus, of the view that the income of the Trust was entitled to exemption under section 4 of the Act except to the extent to which its income was not applied for charitable or religious purposes within the State. High Court answered questions 2, 3 and 4 in favour of the Trust and against the revenue.

4. Relevant part of section 4 of the Act, on the basis of which Trust claimed exemption, is as under:

4. ' Total agricultural income (1) subject to the provisions of this Act, the total agricultural income of any previous year of any person comprises all agricultural income derived from land situated within the State and received by him within or without the state, but does not include-

(a).....

any agricultural income derived from property held under trust wholly for charitable or religious purposes,to the extent to which such income is applied to such purposes in the state,

(c) any agricultural income derived from property held under trust in part only for such purposes, to the extent to which such income is applied to such purposes in the state.

(3) Nothing contained in clause(b) or clause (c) of sub-section (1) shall operate so as to exclude from the total agricultural income of the previous year of the person in receipt thereof.

(a)any part of the agricultural income from the property held under trust for private religious purposes which does not ensure for the benefit of the public.

(b) in the case of a trust for charitable purposes or a charitable institution,any agricultural income thereof, if the trust or institution is created or established for the benefit of any particular religious community or caste;

5. It is not disputed that the Trust derived agricultural income from the property held under the Trust. The question is if the Trust is wholly for charitable or religious purposes to seek exemption from payment of tax on such income and further if such income is applied to such charitable and religious purposes in the State of Kerala. Exemption provided under section 4(1)(b) can be denied under section 4(3)(a)if any part of the agricultural income from property held under the Trust for private religious purposes is not meant for the benefit of the public and (b) in the case of agricultural income of Trust for charitable purposes if it is established only for the benefit of particular religious community or caste. As noted above the Tribunal found that the Trust was a private family trust. That was not the subject matter of reference in any of the questions referred to the High Court. But the High Courts finding was that the Trust was a public Trust. High Court fell in error in going into the question if the assessee was a public trust or a private trust. That being so section 4(1)(b) and section 4(1)(c) were not applicable to the assessee Trust. The authority under the Act including the Appellate Tribunal minutely examined various terms of the Trust Deed and found that for all intents and purposes the object of the Trust was to propagate a particular religion and to render service to the followers of that religion, particularly, with reference to the families, who created the Trust. Assessee, therefore, could not be considered for exemption, being a private trust, set up to promote a particular religion whose agricultural income does not ensure for the benefit of general public. It was also found that most part of the agricultural income was spent for several purposes outside the State of Kerala. The exemption is allowed to the extent to which such agricultural income is applied to such purposes within the State of Kerala, if it is a public trust. High Court decided the questions referred to it only in abstract without considering as to how much agricultural income of the Trust was spent in Kerala. We have also examined the Trust Deed which was produced at the time of arguments. The Deed of Trust and the rules run into more than thirty pages out of which six pages of the Trust Deed narrate philosophy of Jain Dharma. Objects of the Trust clearly show that Trust is meant for propagation of Jain religion and rendering help to the followers of Jain religion. Even the medical aid and similar facilities are to be rendered to persons devoted to Jain religion and to non-Jains if suffering from ailments but the medical aid could be given to them only if any member of the families, managing the Trust, shows sympathy and is interested in their treatment. Tribunal, in our opinion, was right in its conclusion that the dominant purpose of the Trust in the present case was propagation of Jain religion and to serve its followers and any part of agricultural income of the Trust spent in the State of Kerala also could not be treated as allowable item of the expenses.

6. Accordingly, we will set aside the impugned judgment of the High Court and the answer the questions 2 to 4 in favour of the revenue and against the assessee Trust. There will be no order as to costs.