Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr. - Court Judgment

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			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
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		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
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			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
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			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
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			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
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			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
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		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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property - adverse possession - section 55 (6) of transfer of property act, order 1 rule 10 of code of civil procedure, 1908, sections 46 and 56 of agricultural debtors relief act, 1947 and section 17 of bombay agricultural debtors relief act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed act - application pending and new act came into force so application has to decided under new act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse. - section 115: [tarun chatterjee & h.l.dattu,jj] revision against order of appellate court upholding eviction - dismissal on.....

Notice (8): Undefined variable: kword [APP/View/Case/amp.ctp, line 123]
Code Context
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			'findings' => null,
			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
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		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
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			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
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			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
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			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
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		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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subba rao, j. 1. this appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the gujarat high court in civil revision application no. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the district judge, kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the civil judge, kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the bombay agricultural debtors relief act. 2. the relevant facts may be briefly stated. the father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing survey nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village chikhlod, taluka kapadwanj, district kaira in the state of gujarat. on june 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent no. 2 for a sum of rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. on april 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to.....

Judgment:

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			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
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			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
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			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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Subba Rao, J.

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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act.

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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
			'caseanalysis' => null,
			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
			'deposition' => '',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
		'ratiodecidendi' => '',
		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal.

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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
	'desc' => array(
		'Judgement' => array(
			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
			'caseanalysis' => null,
			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
			'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
			'deposition' => '',
			'favorof' => null,
			'findings' => null,
			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
		'ratiodecidendi' => '',
		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception.

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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
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		'Judgement' => array(
			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
			'caseanalysis' => null,
			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
			'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
			'deposition' => '',
			'favorof' => null,
			'findings' => null,
			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
	)
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us.

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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
			'caseanalysis' => null,
			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us.

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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised.

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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts.

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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939.

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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided :

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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
		'observations' => null,
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class.

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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
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		'Judgement' => array(
			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
			'caseanalysis' => null,
			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
			'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
			'deposition' => '',
			'favorof' => null,
			'findings' => null,
			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :-

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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
			'caseanalysis' => null,
			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
			'caseanalysis' => null,
			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
			'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
			'deposition' => '',
			'favorof' => null,
			'findings' => null,
			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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11. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947.

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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
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			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts.

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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter.

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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
		'observations' => null,
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed.

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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
			'caseanalysis' => null,
			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
			'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
			'deposition' => '',
			'favorof' => null,
			'findings' => null,
			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed.

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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
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			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
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			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that -

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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor;

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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
			'caseanalysis' => null,
			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
			'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
			'deposition' => '',
			'favorof' => null,
			'findings' => null,
			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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(b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be;

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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
		'observations' => null,
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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. . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and

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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
			'caseanalysis' => null,
			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
			'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
			'deposition' => '',
			'favorof' => null,
			'findings' => null,
			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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(d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly.

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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
			'caseanalysis' => null,
			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
			'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
			'deposition' => '',
			'favorof' => null,
			'findings' => null,
			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period.

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			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
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			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
			'caseanalysis' => null,
			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
			'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
			'deposition' => '',
			'favorof' => null,
			'findings' => null,
			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
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	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
		'observations' => null,
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
		'ratiodecidendi' => '',
		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings.

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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
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			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
			'deposition' => '',
			'favorof' => null,
			'findings' => null,
			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
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		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
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		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus :

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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
			'deposition' => '',
			'favorof' => null,
			'findings' => null,
			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
	)
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
		'observations' => null,
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		'prhistory' => '',
		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
		'ratiodecidendi' => '',
		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'

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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
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		'Judgement' => array(
			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
			'caseanalysis' => null,
			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
			'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
			'deposition' => '',
			'favorof' => null,
			'findings' => null,
			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
	)
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
		'observations' => null,
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
		'ratiodecidendi' => '',
		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay.

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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
			'caseanalysis' => null,
			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
			'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
			'deposition' => '',
			'favorof' => null,
			'findings' => null,
			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
	)
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier.

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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
			'caseanalysis' => null,
			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
			'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
	)
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
		'ratiodecidendi' => '',
		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention.

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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
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		'Judgement' => array(
			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
			'caseanalysis' => null,
			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
			'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
			'deposition' => '',
			'favorof' => null,
			'findings' => null,
			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
	)
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
		'observations' => null,
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
		'ratiodecidendi' => '',
		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession.

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	'title_for_layout' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | ',
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		'Judgement' => array(
			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
			'caseanalysis' => null,
			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
			'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
			'deposition' => '',
			'favorof' => null,
			'findings' => null,
			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
	)
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs.

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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
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; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
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		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
	(int) 33 => ''
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24. Appeal dismissed.

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			'id' => '648902',
			'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
			'appealno' => '',
			'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
			'authreffered' => '',
			'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
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			'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
			'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
			'counselplain' => '',
			'counseldef' => '',
			'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
			'court_type' => 'SC',
			'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
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			'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Subba Rao, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">11. The <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p style="text-align: justify;">(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p style="text-align: justify;">19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
			'observations' => null,
			'overruledby' => null,
			'prhistory' => '',
			'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
			'ratiodecidendi' => '',
			'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
			'sub' => 'Property',
			'link' => null,
			'circuit' => null
		)
	),
	'casename_url' => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai',
	'args' => array(
		(int) 0 => '648902',
		(int) 1 => 'patel-rambhai-bacharbhai-vs-dahyabhai-becharbhai'
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$title_for_layout = 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr Vs Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr - Citation 648902 - Court Judgment | '
$desc = array(
	'Judgement' => array(
		'id' => '648902',
		'acts' => 'Transfer of Property Act - Sections 55(6); <a href="/act/51117/code-of-civil-procedure-1908-complete-act">Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908</a> - Order I, Rule 10; <a href="/act/68387/bombay-agricultural-debtors-relief-act-1947-maharashtra-complete-act">Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a> - Sections 46 and 56; Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - Sections 17',
		'appealno' => '',
		'appellant' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr.',
		'authreffered' => '',
		'casename' => 'Patel Rambhai Bacharbhai and anr. Vs. Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'casenote' => 'Property - adverse possession - Section 55 (6) of Transfer of Property Act, Order 1 Rule 10 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Sections 46 and 56 of Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947 and Section 17 of Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939 - appeal based on two contention firstly application for adjustment of debt pending was to be decided under repealed Act - application pending and new Act came into force so application has to decided under new Act - second contention was appellant claimed that respondent acquired right of land by adverse possession - appellant failed to prove adverse possession cannot claim that possession of respondent was adverse.<br> - Section 115: [Tarun Chatterjee & H.L.Dattu,JJ] Revision against order of appellate Court upholding eviction - Dismissal on ground that fact of rejection of application for additional evidence by appellate Court was not brought to its notice  Held, It is improper. Revisional Court cannot not reject petition on such ground without going into merits of case.  -  What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.'19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period.',
		'caseanalysis' => null,
		'casesref' => 'In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa;',
		'citingcases' => '
; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .; 
       .       .       .       .       .       .       .',
		'counselplain' => '',
		'counseldef' => '',
		'court' => 'Supreme Court of India',
		'court_type' => 'SC',
		'decidedon' => '1966-04-04',
		'deposition' => '',
		'favorof' => null,
		'findings' => null,
		'judge' => ' K. Subba Rao and; V. Ramaswami, JJ.',
		'judgement' => '<p>Subba Rao, J. </p><p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. </p><p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. </p><p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. </p><p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. </p><p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. </p><p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. </p><p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. </p><p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. </p><p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : </p><p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. </p><p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- </p><p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. </p><p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. </p><p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. </p><p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. </p><p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. </p><p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. </p><p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - </p><p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; </p><p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; </p><p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and </p><p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. </p><p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. </p><p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. </p><p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : </p><p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' </p><p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. </p><p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. </p><p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. </p><p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. </p><p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. </p><p>24. Appeal dismissed.</p>',
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		'pubs' => 'AIR1967SC162; [1966]SuppSCR146',
		'ratiodecidendi' => '',
		'respondent' => 'Patel Dahyabhai Becharbhai and anr.',
		'sub' => 'Property',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Subba Rao, J. ',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the order of the Gujarat High Court in Civil Revision Application No. 158 of 1960 confirming that of the District Judge, Kaira, holding that the 1st respondent herein was a debtor and directing the Civil Judge, Kapadvanj, to adjust the debt under the provisions of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act. ',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The relevant facts may be briefly stated. The father of the first respondent owned three pieces of land bearing Survey Nos. 93, 102/3 and 125/1 in village Chikhlod, Taluka Kapadwanj, District Kaira in the State of Gujarat. On June 9, 1933, he sold the same by an oral vardi to respondent No. 2 for a sum of Rs. 2,701/- but continued to be in possession thereof. On April 7, 1934, the 2nd respondent sold the said lands to the 1st appellant by an oral vardi for Rs. 2,521/- and the 1st appellant got possession thereof on the said date. In a partition that was effected in the joint family of the 1st appellant, survey No. 93 went to the share of the 2nd appellant and the remaining two lands fell to the share of the 1st appellant. The appellants have been in possession of the said lands from April 7, 1934. On August 3, 1945, the 1st respondent filed an application before the Debt Adjustment Board under s. 17, read with s. 18 and s. 45 of the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. To that application only the 2nd respondent was made a party. His case was that his father had money dealings with the 2nd respondent and in consideration of past debts his father had sold the said lands to the 2nd respondent in 1933 by way of an oral sale with a condition of reconveyance of the said lands to the vendor and, therefore, the said debt was liable to be adjusted under the provisions of the said Act. The 2nd respondent denied that he had any money dealings with the father of the 1st respondent and stated that the lands were not in his possession. On December 4, 1945, the respondent made an application before the Debt Adjustment Board for adding the appellant's as respondents to the petition. It appears from the record that only the 1st appellant was made a party-respondent to that application. On April 29, 1947, the said Board held that the sales in favour of the 2nd respondent and the appellants were invalid and directed the 2nd respondent to render the accounts. Against that order, the 2nd respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge at Nadiad. On May 27, 1947, Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act 28 of 1947, hereinafter called the new Act, came into force and under s. 56(2) thereof the Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, hereinafter called the repealed Act was repealed. On April 14, 1949 the learned District Judge, Kaira, set aside the order of the Board and remanded the case to the court of the Civil Judge (Junior Division) at Kapadwanj with a direction to decide afresh the question of the nature of the said transaction in accordance with law. It was remanded to the said Civil Judge as under the new Act the Debt Adjustment Board was dissolved and its jurisdiction was vested on the Civil Judge. On April 24, 1950, the 1st respondent made an application before the Civil Judge for adding the 2nd appellant as a party-respondent and that petition was allowed on August 21, 1950. On September 29, 1953, the Civil Judge dismissed the petition as not maintainable; but on appeal the District Judge, Kaira, allowed the appeal and remanded the matter to the Civil Judge for disposal according to law. The appellants and the 2nd respondent preferred a revision to the High Court, but that was summarily rejected. After the remand, the Civil Judge held that the transaction was not a mortgage and the appellants had acquired title to the lands be adverse possession. Against that order the 1st respondent preferred an appeal to the District Judge, who, by his order dated October 16, 1958, held that the mortgage subsisted and that the appellants had not acquired title to the said lands by adverse possession. In that view, he remanded the case to the Civil Judge for adjustment of the debts. On revision the High Court of Gujarat accepted the finding of the learned District Judge and dismissed the revision. Hence the present appeal. ',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The learned Solicitor-General, appearing for the appellants, raised before us the following four point : (1) Under the repealed Act the Board would have jurisdiction to entertain an application for adjustment of debts, if it was filed within 18 months from the date of the appointment of the Board under s. 4 of the said Act, i.e., on or before October 31, 1945, and, as no such application was filed either against the 1st appellant or against the 2nd appellant before that date, the order of the Board adding the 1st appellant on December 4, 1945, and the order of the Civil Judge adding the 2nd appellant on August 21, 1950 were without jurisdiction, and, therefore, void; as the said orders were without jurisdiction, the appellants had acquired a vested interest in the property and the new Act does not affect the said right. (2) The appellant had acquired a right to the said lands be adverse possession. (3) The application to the Board to investigate the nature of the transaction was not competent. And (4) The benefit under s. 55(6)(b) of the Transfer of Property Act is available only to a buyer under a valid transaction and not to a buyer under a transaction which is void at the very inception. ',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. At the outset it may be mentioned that the 4th point was sought to be raised before the High Court for the first time and the High Court refused to go into that matter. We cannot, therefore, allow the appellants to raise that point before us. ',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. The third point was also not raised before the High Court and we do not see any justification for allowing the appellants to press the same before us. ',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. We shall, therefore, confine our judgment to the first two points raised. ',
	(int) 7 => '<p>7. To appreciate the rival contentions of the parties it will be convenient to read at this stage the relevant provisions of both the repealed and new Acts. ',
	(int) 8 => '<p>8. The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939. ',
	(int) 9 => '<p>9. Section 17. (1) Within eighteen months from the date on which a Board is established under section 4, any debtor may make an application to the Board for the adjustment of his debts under this Act as hereinafter provided : ',
	(int) 10 => '<p>. . . . . . . (3) An application under this section shall be made to the Board established for any local area if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application ordinarily resides in such area, or to the Board established for the class of debtors, if the debtor or any of the debtors who is a party to the application belongs to the said class. ',
	(int) 11 => '<p>10. Section 7. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules, the Board shall have the same powers as are vested in civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters :- ',
	(int) 12 => '<p>(a) joining any necessary or proper parties. ',
	(int) 13 => '<p>11. The <a>Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1947</a>. ',
	(int) 14 => '<p>12. Section 4. (1) Any debtor ordinarily residing in any local area for which a Board was established under section 4 of the repealed Act on or after the 1st February 1947, or his creditor may make an application before the 1st August 1947 to the Court for the adjustment of his debts. ',
	(int) 15 => '<p>13. Section 46. Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedings under this Chapter. ',
	(int) 16 => '<p>[(This proviso was added by Bombay Act 37 of 1950, s. 9).] Provided that the Court may in a proper case and on such terms as may appear to it to be just, exercise its powers to add or strike out parties under rule 10 of Order I of the said Code in any proceeding pending before it under section 4 or 24, notwithstanding the fact that such addition, or striking out of parties is to be made after the date specified in section 4 or 24, as the case may be, has elapsed. ',
	(int) 17 => '<p>14. Section 56. (2) The Bombay Agricultural Debtors Relief Act, 1939, is repealed. ',
	(int) 18 => '<p>15. All Boards established under section 4 of the repealed Act shall be dissolved : Provided that - ',
	(int) 19 => '<p>(a) all proceedings pending before any such Board at the date when this Act comes into force shall be continued and disposed of by the Court under this Act as if an application under section 4 had been made to the Court in respect therefor; ',
	(int) 20 => '<p> (b) all awards made, confirmed or modified under the repealed Act shall be deemed to have been made, confirmed or modified under this Act as if this Act was in force at the date when the said awards were made, confirmed or modified, as the case may be; ',
	(int) 21 => '<p> . . . . . . . (c) all appeals pending before any Court under the repealed Act against the decision, order or award of such Board shall be continued and disposed of as if the said appeals were filed under the provisions of this Act; and ',
	(int) 22 => '<p> (d) all appeals which could have been filed under the repealed Act against any decision, order or award of such Board but which could not be filed only by reason of the fact that the said Act was repealed by this Act shall when filed before a competent court be deemed to have been filed under the provisions of this Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. ',
	(int) 23 => '<p>16. The impact of the provisions of the new Act on those of the repealed Act in the context of the present enquiry may be stated thus : Under the repealed Act an application could be filed before the appropriate Board for the adjustment of a debt within the time prescribed under s. 17 thereof. Under s. 7 thereof the Board had the power to join any necessary or proper parties. The said power was coterminous with that of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure. Order I, r. 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure enables the court in a suitable case to strike out or add parties; and under sub-s. (5) thereof, subject to the provisions of s. 22 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1877, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons. Under the repealed Act therefore, if a party was added, the proceedings as against him should be deemed to have been taken only on the service of summons. If a party was added subsequent to the period prescribed under s. 17 of the repealed Act, it could be objected that the proceedings against the party so added was beyond the period prescribed under s. 17. But nonetheless if he was added as a necessary party to a petition filed in time, though the said order might be improper, it could not be said that the court acted without jurisdiction. If it was an illegal order, it could be set aside by an appropriate order in appeal. Under s. 56(2) of the new Act the 1939 Act was repealed and all the Boards established under the repealed Act were dissolved. The three provisos to sub-s. (2) of s. 56 of the new Act prescribed for the continuity of the proceedings initiated under the repealed Act. Under the first proviso, all proceedings pending before any such Board shall be continued before the court as if an application under s. 4 of the said Act had been made to the court. This proviso introduces a fiction; and under that fiction, if an application filed before the Board under s. 17 of the repealed Act was pending at the time the new Act came into force, it shall be continued as if it were an application filed under s. 4 of the new Act. Under the third proviso, which deals with pending appeals, appeals pending before any court under the repealed Act shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under the new Act. This proviso also introduces a fiction, namely, the appeal should be deemed to be an appeal under the new Act. The expression 'under the Act' means under the provisions of the Act. This expression emphasizes the fact that pending appeals shall be deemed to be appeals under the (new) Act and, therefore, shall be disposed of by applying the provisions thereof. The fourth proviso deals with appeals to be filed against the orders under the repealed Act; under the said proviso those appeals when presented after the new Act came into force shall be deemed to be appeals from the decision or orders or awards of courts under the new Act and shall be disposed of accordingly. In short, the old Act was repealed and the proceedings, original or appellate, are all deemed to be proceedings under the new Act and they should be disposed of in accordance with the substantive and procedural sections of the new Act. If that be the interpretation of s. 56(2) of the new Act, to such a proceeding s. 46 is immediately attracted. Under s. 46 of the new Act, the court is empowered in a suitable case to add parties under Order I, rule 10, of the Code of Civil Procedure, notwithstanding the fact that the addition of parties is made after the dates specified in s. 4 or 24, as the case may be, have expired. By reason of the aforesaid fiction, a proceeding taken under the repealed Act is deemed to be a proceeding under the new Act and, therefore, a party may be added after the prescribed period. ',
	(int) 24 => '<p>17. To summarize : After the new Act was passed there are two types of proceedings, namely, (i) proceedings initiated under the repealed Act but pending at the time the new Act came into force; and (ii) proceedings taken under the new Act. Both the proceedings will have to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act, that is to say, both the substantive and the procedural sections of the new Act would equally apply to both classes of proceedings. ',
	(int) 25 => '<p>18. Some of the decisions cited at the Bar have a direct bearing on the question raised before us. A division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Vishwanath Mahadev Adhikari v. Krishnaji Ramchandra Bodas A.I.R. 1949 Bom. 390 construed the scope of the three provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act. It was contended before the said Bench that proviso 2 had no retrospective effect and the appeals which were pending should be disposed of according to the repealed Act and not according to the new Act. Chagla, C.J., adverting to that argument, speaking for the Court, observed thus : ',
	(int) 26 => '<p>'Further, in our opinion, the language used in proviso 2 is fairly clear and explicit and makes this proviso retrospective in its effect. What the Legislature says is that the appeals shall be continued and disposed of as if they were appeals under this Act, which clearly means that all the provisions of this Act, shall apply to the appeals which are pending. The appeal Court is asked to treat the appeals as if the new Act was in force and not the old Act, and in disposing of those appeals the appeal Court has to consider the substantive law as well as the procedural law brought into force by Act XXVIII(28) of 1947.' ',
	(int) 27 => '<p>19. Another division Bench of that Court in Hiraman Ratan v. Purshottam Deorao : AIR1953Bom260 expressed the same view. Therein it held that the language of the provisos to s. 56(2) of the new Act clearly gave retrospective effect to all the provisions of the new Act including the substantive provisions and not merely to the procedural provisions thereof. In Basavanappa Shivappa v. Neelappa Adiveppa : AIR1956Bom201 . Gajendragadkar, J., construed s. 46 of the new Act and held that parties could be added in a proper case without considerations of delay. ',
	(int) 28 => '<p>20. The views expressed in these decisions accord with those expressed by us earlier. ',
	(int) 29 => '<p>21. With this legal position in mind, let us look at the facts of the present case. The application was filed by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent under s. 17 of the repealed Act before the prescribed time, i.e., October 31, 1945. The 1st appellant was added by the Board itself on December 4, 1945; and the 2nd appellant was added by the Civil Judge on August 21, 1950. As the appeal against the order of the Board was pending at the time the new Act came into force, under proviso (c) to s. 56(2) of the new Act that appeal had to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act and after remand the application had likewise to be disposed of under the provisions of the new Act. At that time the civil Court had ample jurisdiction to add the appellants as parties irrespective of the time limit prescribed under the repealed Act. If so, it cannot be said that the Civil Judge acted without jurisdiction in disposing of the petition as if it was filed under the new Act. There are, therefore, no merits in the first contention. ',
	(int) 30 => '<p>22. There are no merits in the second contention either. Some relevant facts may be recapitulated. The father of the 1st respondent sold the lands to the 2nd respondent on June 9, 1933. The 2nd respondent sold the same to the 1st appellant on April 7, 1934, and he was put in possession on the same day. From June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 the father of the 1st respondent was in possession. The application for adjustment of the debt was made on August 3, 1945. From April 7, 1934 to August 3, 1945 the appellants were in possession of the disputed lands and the said period of occupation of the lands by the appellants was less than 12 years. But it was contended that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant of the 1st appellant between June 9, 1933 to April 7, 1934 and, therefore, the said period should be tacked on to the period of adverse possession by the appellants. But the High Court found, agreeing with the District Judge, that the appellants failed to prove that the 1st respondent was in possession of the lands as a tenant during that period. If so, it follows that the appellants had not acquired any title to the suit property by adverse possession. ',
	(int) 31 => '<p>23. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. ',
	(int) 32 => '<p>24. Appeal dismissed.',
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