Shikri Prasad Vs Aziz Ali and ors - Citation 457101 - Court Judgment

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			'casenote' => 'Act No. V of 1920 (Provincial Insolvency Act) Sections 4, 5 and 75(2) - Insolvency--Procedure--Appeal--Question of title--Act No. IV of 1882 (Transfer of Property Act), Section 53. -  -  The original application was by the insolvent complaining under the old Act, which is now repealed, against an act of the receiver, The act of the receiver was an act attaching some very valuable property which the receiver in a very clear, closely reasoned, and strong report has come to the conclusion had been sold by the insolvent some three years before the insolvency, merely with intent to defraud and delay his creditors, or, as the receiver says, to hoodwink his creditors and save the property. If the receiver is right in fact, clearly this transaction was void under Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act, and the property attached by the receiver ought to be distributed as part of the estate among the creditors. We are clearly of opinion that the decision which is appealed against was a decision on a question of title within the meaning of Section 4, although Section 4 did not exist when the case arose, and being such a decision it was one against which the creditor had a right of appeal by the only Act in force at the time when the appeal was filed.',
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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Walsh and Wallach, JJ.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This order cannot stand. The learned Judge has totally misconceived the position. The original application was by the insolvent complaining under the old Act, which is now repealed, against an act of the receiver, The act of the receiver was an act attaching some very valuable property which the receiver in a very clear, closely reasoned, and strong report has come to the conclusion had been sold by the insolvent some three years before the insolvency, merely with intent to defraud and delay his creditors, or, as the receiver says, to hoodwink his creditors and save the property. The District Judge has held, rightly, that it does not come within any of the express provisions of the insolvency law, and he has gone on to hold, erroneously, that a transaction cannot be attacked, under the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act or under general provisions of the law, in the Insolvency Court. Here he is wrong. The Insolvency Court has to administer the law under its own procedure and to decide questions arising in insolvency which are covered by special provisions of the Insolvency Act, where, for example, a trustee is given a higher title than the original debtor. But the Insolvency Court also has to apply, and to decide, all questions of general law, including such questions as are raised by Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act. That is one reason why the administration of insolvency is so onerous and imposes a very heavy burden on the district courts. If the receiver is right in fact, clearly this transaction was void under Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act, and the property attached by the receiver ought to be distributed as part of the estate among the creditors. But the receiver is not a judicial officer, and it is not sufficient for the Judge merely to refuse to disagree with him. We are of opinion in this case that, owing to his having considered the question of law to be a final bar, he has not applied his mind at all to the question of fact. He has only said that the receiver's reasoning is sound enough. There ought to be a full inquiry between the receiver and the creditor on one hand, and the debtor and his family on the other, as to the bona fides of this transaction.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. Whether you call it summary or not, it ought to follow the ordinary course of a suit. In the main the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure are applicable to such inquiry, and there ought to be sworn testimony and the same care used with regard to documents, and the admission or rejection of documentary evidence, as in a suit. We remit the case to the District Judge to hear and decide the application as though it were a question of title involving masters of law and fact under Section 4 of the new Act, which was not in force when he adjudicated. He must allow the respective parties to adduce any material evidence they may be advised to do.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. Mr. Agarwala on behalf of the respondent has very forcibly urged upon us the contention that we ought to dismiss this appeal on the ground that no appeal lay. Probably no appeal did lie under the old Act, under which this proceeding was commenced and decided. At any rate no appeal lay without the permission of the court and no permission has been given. The new Act of 1920 became law on the 25th of February, 1920. This decision was passed on the 5th of May, 1920. The appellant had to consider at the date when the decision was passed what his right of appeal was, if any. The old Act of 1907 had been repealed and the only Act in force was the Act of 1920. Section 75, Sub-section (2), of the Act of 1920 gives a right of appeal to any creditor against a decision of the District Court of the nature specified in Schedule I of that Act, Amongst the decisions specified in Schedule I of that Act is the decision under Section 4 of a question of title. We are clearly of opinion that the decision which is appealed against was a decision on a question of title within the meaning of Section 4, although Section 4 did not exist when the case arose, and being such a decision it was one against which the creditor had a right of appeal by the only Act in force at the time when the appeal was filed. We therefore remit the case as above mentioned, and on the whole justice will be done by allowing costs to abide the result.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">',
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act no. v of 1920 (provincial insolvency act) sections 4, 5 and 75(2) - insolvency--procedure--appeal--question of title--act no. iv of 1882 (transfer of property act), section 53. - - the original application was by the insolvent complaining under the old act, which is now repealed, against an act of the receiver, the act of the receiver was an act attaching some very valuable property which the receiver in a very clear, closely reasoned, and strong report has come to the conclusion had been sold by the insolvent some three years before the insolvency, merely with intent to defraud and delay his creditors, or, as the receiver says, to hoodwink his creditors and save the property. if the receiver is right in fact, clearly this transaction was void under section 53 of the transfer of.....

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			'casenote' => 'Act No. V of 1920 (Provincial Insolvency Act) Sections 4, 5 and 75(2) - Insolvency--Procedure--Appeal--Question of title--Act No. IV of 1882 (Transfer of Property Act), Section 53. -  -  The original application was by the insolvent complaining under the old Act, which is now repealed, against an act of the receiver, The act of the receiver was an act attaching some very valuable property which the receiver in a very clear, closely reasoned, and strong report has come to the conclusion had been sold by the insolvent some three years before the insolvency, merely with intent to defraud and delay his creditors, or, as the receiver says, to hoodwink his creditors and save the property. If the receiver is right in fact, clearly this transaction was void under Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act, and the property attached by the receiver ought to be distributed as part of the estate among the creditors. We are clearly of opinion that the decision which is appealed against was a decision on a question of title within the meaning of Section 4, although Section 4 did not exist when the case arose, and being such a decision it was one against which the creditor had a right of appeal by the only Act in force at the time when the appeal was filed.',
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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Walsh and Wallach, JJ.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This order cannot stand. The learned Judge has totally misconceived the position. The original application was by the insolvent complaining under the old Act, which is now repealed, against an act of the receiver, The act of the receiver was an act attaching some very valuable property which the receiver in a very clear, closely reasoned, and strong report has come to the conclusion had been sold by the insolvent some three years before the insolvency, merely with intent to defraud and delay his creditors, or, as the receiver says, to hoodwink his creditors and save the property. The District Judge has held, rightly, that it does not come within any of the express provisions of the insolvency law, and he has gone on to hold, erroneously, that a transaction cannot be attacked, under the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act or under general provisions of the law, in the Insolvency Court. Here he is wrong. The Insolvency Court has to administer the law under its own procedure and to decide questions arising in insolvency which are covered by special provisions of the Insolvency Act, where, for example, a trustee is given a higher title than the original debtor. But the Insolvency Court also has to apply, and to decide, all questions of general law, including such questions as are raised by Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act. That is one reason why the administration of insolvency is so onerous and imposes a very heavy burden on the district courts. If the receiver is right in fact, clearly this transaction was void under Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act, and the property attached by the receiver ought to be distributed as part of the estate among the creditors. But the receiver is not a judicial officer, and it is not sufficient for the Judge merely to refuse to disagree with him. We are of opinion in this case that, owing to his having considered the question of law to be a final bar, he has not applied his mind at all to the question of fact. He has only said that the receiver's reasoning is sound enough. There ought to be a full inquiry between the receiver and the creditor on one hand, and the debtor and his family on the other, as to the bona fides of this transaction.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. Whether you call it summary or not, it ought to follow the ordinary course of a suit. In the main the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure are applicable to such inquiry, and there ought to be sworn testimony and the same care used with regard to documents, and the admission or rejection of documentary evidence, as in a suit. We remit the case to the District Judge to hear and decide the application as though it were a question of title involving masters of law and fact under Section 4 of the new Act, which was not in force when he adjudicated. He must allow the respective parties to adduce any material evidence they may be advised to do.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. Mr. Agarwala on behalf of the respondent has very forcibly urged upon us the contention that we ought to dismiss this appeal on the ground that no appeal lay. Probably no appeal did lie under the old Act, under which this proceeding was commenced and decided. At any rate no appeal lay without the permission of the court and no permission has been given. The new Act of 1920 became law on the 25th of February, 1920. This decision was passed on the 5th of May, 1920. The appellant had to consider at the date when the decision was passed what his right of appeal was, if any. The old Act of 1907 had been repealed and the only Act in force was the Act of 1920. Section 75, Sub-section (2), of the Act of 1920 gives a right of appeal to any creditor against a decision of the District Court of the nature specified in Schedule I of that Act, Amongst the decisions specified in Schedule I of that Act is the decision under Section 4 of a question of title. We are clearly of opinion that the decision which is appealed against was a decision on a question of title within the meaning of Section 4, although Section 4 did not exist when the case arose, and being such a decision it was one against which the creditor had a right of appeal by the only Act in force at the time when the appeal was filed. We therefore remit the case as above mentioned, and on the whole justice will be done by allowing costs to abide the result.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">',
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walsh and wallach, jj.1. this order cannot stand. the learned judge has totally misconceived the position. the original application was by the insolvent complaining under the old act, which is now repealed, against an act of the receiver, the act of the receiver was an act attaching some very valuable property which the receiver in a very clear, closely reasoned, and strong report has come to the conclusion had been sold by the insolvent some three years before the insolvency, merely with intent to defraud and delay his creditors, or, as the receiver says, to hoodwink his creditors and save the property. the district judge has held, rightly, that it does not come within any of the express provisions of the insolvency law, and he has gone on to hold, erroneously, that a transaction cannot.....

Judgment:

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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Walsh and Wallach, JJ.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This order cannot stand. The learned Judge has totally misconceived the position. The original application was by the insolvent complaining under the old Act, which is now repealed, against an act of the receiver, The act of the receiver was an act attaching some very valuable property which the receiver in a very clear, closely reasoned, and strong report has come to the conclusion had been sold by the insolvent some three years before the insolvency, merely with intent to defraud and delay his creditors, or, as the receiver says, to hoodwink his creditors and save the property. The District Judge has held, rightly, that it does not come within any of the express provisions of the insolvency law, and he has gone on to hold, erroneously, that a transaction cannot be attacked, under the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act or under general provisions of the law, in the Insolvency Court. Here he is wrong. The Insolvency Court has to administer the law under its own procedure and to decide questions arising in insolvency which are covered by special provisions of the Insolvency Act, where, for example, a trustee is given a higher title than the original debtor. But the Insolvency Court also has to apply, and to decide, all questions of general law, including such questions as are raised by Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act. That is one reason why the administration of insolvency is so onerous and imposes a very heavy burden on the district courts. If the receiver is right in fact, clearly this transaction was void under Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act, and the property attached by the receiver ought to be distributed as part of the estate among the creditors. But the receiver is not a judicial officer, and it is not sufficient for the Judge merely to refuse to disagree with him. We are of opinion in this case that, owing to his having considered the question of law to be a final bar, he has not applied his mind at all to the question of fact. He has only said that the receiver's reasoning is sound enough. There ought to be a full inquiry between the receiver and the creditor on one hand, and the debtor and his family on the other, as to the bona fides of this transaction.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. Whether you call it summary or not, it ought to follow the ordinary course of a suit. In the main the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure are applicable to such inquiry, and there ought to be sworn testimony and the same care used with regard to documents, and the admission or rejection of documentary evidence, as in a suit. We remit the case to the District Judge to hear and decide the application as though it were a question of title involving masters of law and fact under Section 4 of the new Act, which was not in force when he adjudicated. He must allow the respective parties to adduce any material evidence they may be advised to do.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. Mr. Agarwala on behalf of the respondent has very forcibly urged upon us the contention that we ought to dismiss this appeal on the ground that no appeal lay. Probably no appeal did lie under the old Act, under which this proceeding was commenced and decided. At any rate no appeal lay without the permission of the court and no permission has been given. The new Act of 1920 became law on the 25th of February, 1920. This decision was passed on the 5th of May, 1920. The appellant had to consider at the date when the decision was passed what his right of appeal was, if any. The old Act of 1907 had been repealed and the only Act in force was the Act of 1920. Section 75, Sub-section (2), of the Act of 1920 gives a right of appeal to any creditor against a decision of the District Court of the nature specified in Schedule I of that Act, Amongst the decisions specified in Schedule I of that Act is the decision under Section 4 of a question of title. We are clearly of opinion that the decision which is appealed against was a decision on a question of title within the meaning of Section 4, although Section 4 did not exist when the case arose, and being such a decision it was one against which the creditor had a right of appeal by the only Act in force at the time when the appeal was filed. We therefore remit the case as above mentioned, and on the whole justice will be done by allowing costs to abide the result.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">',
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		'judgement' => '<p>Walsh and Wallach, JJ.</p><p>1. This order cannot stand. The learned Judge has totally misconceived the position. The original application was by the insolvent complaining under the old Act, which is now repealed, against an act of the receiver, The act of the receiver was an act attaching some very valuable property which the receiver in a very clear, closely reasoned, and strong report has come to the conclusion had been sold by the insolvent some three years before the insolvency, merely with intent to defraud and delay his creditors, or, as the receiver says, to hoodwink his creditors and save the property. The District Judge has held, rightly, that it does not come within any of the express provisions of the insolvency law, and he has gone on to hold, erroneously, that a transaction cannot be attacked, under the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act or under general provisions of the law, in the Insolvency Court. Here he is wrong. The Insolvency Court has to administer the law under its own procedure and to decide questions arising in insolvency which are covered by special provisions of the Insolvency Act, where, for example, a trustee is given a higher title than the original debtor. But the Insolvency Court also has to apply, and to decide, all questions of general law, including such questions as are raised by Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act. That is one reason why the administration of insolvency is so onerous and imposes a very heavy burden on the district courts. If the receiver is right in fact, clearly this transaction was void under Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act, and the property attached by the receiver ought to be distributed as part of the estate among the creditors. But the receiver is not a judicial officer, and it is not sufficient for the Judge merely to refuse to disagree with him. We are of opinion in this case that, owing to his having considered the question of law to be a final bar, he has not applied his mind at all to the question of fact. He has only said that the receiver's reasoning is sound enough. There ought to be a full inquiry between the receiver and the creditor on one hand, and the debtor and his family on the other, as to the bona fides of this transaction.</p><p>2. Whether you call it summary or not, it ought to follow the ordinary course of a suit. In the main the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure are applicable to such inquiry, and there ought to be sworn testimony and the same care used with regard to documents, and the admission or rejection of documentary evidence, as in a suit. We remit the case to the District Judge to hear and decide the application as though it were a question of title involving masters of law and fact under Section 4 of the new Act, which was not in force when he adjudicated. He must allow the respective parties to adduce any material evidence they may be advised to do.</p><p>3. Mr. Agarwala on behalf of the respondent has very forcibly urged upon us the contention that we ought to dismiss this appeal on the ground that no appeal lay. Probably no appeal did lie under the old Act, under which this proceeding was commenced and decided. At any rate no appeal lay without the permission of the court and no permission has been given. The new Act of 1920 became law on the 25th of February, 1920. This decision was passed on the 5th of May, 1920. The appellant had to consider at the date when the decision was passed what his right of appeal was, if any. The old Act of 1907 had been repealed and the only Act in force was the Act of 1920. Section 75, Sub-section (2), of the Act of 1920 gives a right of appeal to any creditor against a decision of the District Court of the nature specified in Schedule I of that Act, Amongst the decisions specified in Schedule I of that Act is the decision under Section 4 of a question of title. We are clearly of opinion that the decision which is appealed against was a decision on a question of title within the meaning of Section 4, although Section 4 did not exist when the case arose, and being such a decision it was one against which the creditor had a right of appeal by the only Act in force at the time when the appeal was filed. We therefore remit the case as above mentioned, and on the whole justice will be done by allowing costs to abide the result.<p></p><p>',
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	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This order cannot stand. The learned Judge has totally misconceived the position. The original application was by the insolvent complaining under the old Act, which is now repealed, against an act of the receiver, The act of the receiver was an act attaching some very valuable property which the receiver in a very clear, closely reasoned, and strong report has come to the conclusion had been sold by the insolvent some three years before the insolvency, merely with intent to defraud and delay his creditors, or, as the receiver says, to hoodwink his creditors and save the property. The District Judge has held, rightly, that it does not come within any of the express provisions of the insolvency law, and he has gone on to hold, erroneously, that a transaction cannot be attacked, under the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act or under general provisions of the law, in the Insolvency Court. Here he is wrong. The Insolvency Court has to administer the law under its own procedure and to decide questions arising in insolvency which are covered by special provisions of the Insolvency Act, where, for example, a trustee is given a higher title than the original debtor. But the Insolvency Court also has to apply, and to decide, all questions of general law, including such questions as are raised by Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act. That is one reason why the administration of insolvency is so onerous and imposes a very heavy burden on the district courts. If the receiver is right in fact, clearly this transaction was void under Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act, and the property attached by the receiver ought to be distributed as part of the estate among the creditors. But the receiver is not a judicial officer, and it is not sufficient for the Judge merely to refuse to disagree with him. We are of opinion in this case that, owing to his having considered the question of law to be a final bar, he has not applied his mind at all to the question of fact. He has only said that the receiver's reasoning is sound enough. There ought to be a full inquiry between the receiver and the creditor on one hand, and the debtor and his family on the other, as to the bona fides of this transaction.',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. Whether you call it summary or not, it ought to follow the ordinary course of a suit. In the main the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure are applicable to such inquiry, and there ought to be sworn testimony and the same care used with regard to documents, and the admission or rejection of documentary evidence, as in a suit. We remit the case to the District Judge to hear and decide the application as though it were a question of title involving masters of law and fact under Section 4 of the new Act, which was not in force when he adjudicated. He must allow the respective parties to adduce any material evidence they may be advised to do.',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. Mr. Agarwala on behalf of the respondent has very forcibly urged upon us the contention that we ought to dismiss this appeal on the ground that no appeal lay. Probably no appeal did lie under the old Act, under which this proceeding was commenced and decided. At any rate no appeal lay without the permission of the court and no permission has been given. The new Act of 1920 became law on the 25th of February, 1920. This decision was passed on the 5th of May, 1920. The appellant had to consider at the date when the decision was passed what his right of appeal was, if any. The old Act of 1907 had been repealed and the only Act in force was the Act of 1920. Section 75, Sub-section (2), of the Act of 1920 gives a right of appeal to any creditor against a decision of the District Court of the nature specified in Schedule I of that Act, Amongst the decisions specified in Schedule I of that Act is the decision under Section 4 of a question of title. We are clearly of opinion that the decision which is appealed against was a decision on a question of title within the meaning of Section 4, although Section 4 did not exist when the case arose, and being such a decision it was one against which the creditor had a right of appeal by the only Act in force at the time when the appeal was filed. We therefore remit the case as above mentioned, and on the whole justice will be done by allowing costs to abide the result.<p>',
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Walsh and Wallach, JJ.

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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Walsh and Wallach, JJ.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This order cannot stand. The learned Judge has totally misconceived the position. The original application was by the insolvent complaining under the old Act, which is now repealed, against an act of the receiver, The act of the receiver was an act attaching some very valuable property which the receiver in a very clear, closely reasoned, and strong report has come to the conclusion had been sold by the insolvent some three years before the insolvency, merely with intent to defraud and delay his creditors, or, as the receiver says, to hoodwink his creditors and save the property. The District Judge has held, rightly, that it does not come within any of the express provisions of the insolvency law, and he has gone on to hold, erroneously, that a transaction cannot be attacked, under the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act or under general provisions of the law, in the Insolvency Court. Here he is wrong. The Insolvency Court has to administer the law under its own procedure and to decide questions arising in insolvency which are covered by special provisions of the Insolvency Act, where, for example, a trustee is given a higher title than the original debtor. But the Insolvency Court also has to apply, and to decide, all questions of general law, including such questions as are raised by Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act. That is one reason why the administration of insolvency is so onerous and imposes a very heavy burden on the district courts. If the receiver is right in fact, clearly this transaction was void under Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act, and the property attached by the receiver ought to be distributed as part of the estate among the creditors. But the receiver is not a judicial officer, and it is not sufficient for the Judge merely to refuse to disagree with him. We are of opinion in this case that, owing to his having considered the question of law to be a final bar, he has not applied his mind at all to the question of fact. He has only said that the receiver's reasoning is sound enough. There ought to be a full inquiry between the receiver and the creditor on one hand, and the debtor and his family on the other, as to the bona fides of this transaction.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. Whether you call it summary or not, it ought to follow the ordinary course of a suit. In the main the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure are applicable to such inquiry, and there ought to be sworn testimony and the same care used with regard to documents, and the admission or rejection of documentary evidence, as in a suit. We remit the case to the District Judge to hear and decide the application as though it were a question of title involving masters of law and fact under Section 4 of the new Act, which was not in force when he adjudicated. He must allow the respective parties to adduce any material evidence they may be advised to do.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. Mr. Agarwala on behalf of the respondent has very forcibly urged upon us the contention that we ought to dismiss this appeal on the ground that no appeal lay. Probably no appeal did lie under the old Act, under which this proceeding was commenced and decided. At any rate no appeal lay without the permission of the court and no permission has been given. The new Act of 1920 became law on the 25th of February, 1920. This decision was passed on the 5th of May, 1920. The appellant had to consider at the date when the decision was passed what his right of appeal was, if any. The old Act of 1907 had been repealed and the only Act in force was the Act of 1920. Section 75, Sub-section (2), of the Act of 1920 gives a right of appeal to any creditor against a decision of the District Court of the nature specified in Schedule I of that Act, Amongst the decisions specified in Schedule I of that Act is the decision under Section 4 of a question of title. We are clearly of opinion that the decision which is appealed against was a decision on a question of title within the meaning of Section 4, although Section 4 did not exist when the case arose, and being such a decision it was one against which the creditor had a right of appeal by the only Act in force at the time when the appeal was filed. We therefore remit the case as above mentioned, and on the whole justice will be done by allowing costs to abide the result.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Walsh and Wallach, JJ.',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This order cannot stand. The learned Judge has totally misconceived the position. The original application was by the insolvent complaining under the old Act, which is now repealed, against an act of the receiver, The act of the receiver was an act attaching some very valuable property which the receiver in a very clear, closely reasoned, and strong report has come to the conclusion had been sold by the insolvent some three years before the insolvency, merely with intent to defraud and delay his creditors, or, as the receiver says, to hoodwink his creditors and save the property. The District Judge has held, rightly, that it does not come within any of the express provisions of the insolvency law, and he has gone on to hold, erroneously, that a transaction cannot be attacked, under the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act or under general provisions of the law, in the Insolvency Court. Here he is wrong. The Insolvency Court has to administer the law under its own procedure and to decide questions arising in insolvency which are covered by special provisions of the Insolvency Act, where, for example, a trustee is given a higher title than the original debtor. But the Insolvency Court also has to apply, and to decide, all questions of general law, including such questions as are raised by Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act. That is one reason why the administration of insolvency is so onerous and imposes a very heavy burden on the district courts. If the receiver is right in fact, clearly this transaction was void under Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act, and the property attached by the receiver ought to be distributed as part of the estate among the creditors. But the receiver is not a judicial officer, and it is not sufficient for the Judge merely to refuse to disagree with him. We are of opinion in this case that, owing to his having considered the question of law to be a final bar, he has not applied his mind at all to the question of fact. He has only said that the receiver's reasoning is sound enough. There ought to be a full inquiry between the receiver and the creditor on one hand, and the debtor and his family on the other, as to the bona fides of this transaction.',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. Whether you call it summary or not, it ought to follow the ordinary course of a suit. In the main the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure are applicable to such inquiry, and there ought to be sworn testimony and the same care used with regard to documents, and the admission or rejection of documentary evidence, as in a suit. We remit the case to the District Judge to hear and decide the application as though it were a question of title involving masters of law and fact under Section 4 of the new Act, which was not in force when he adjudicated. He must allow the respective parties to adduce any material evidence they may be advised to do.',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. Mr. Agarwala on behalf of the respondent has very forcibly urged upon us the contention that we ought to dismiss this appeal on the ground that no appeal lay. Probably no appeal did lie under the old Act, under which this proceeding was commenced and decided. At any rate no appeal lay without the permission of the court and no permission has been given. The new Act of 1920 became law on the 25th of February, 1920. This decision was passed on the 5th of May, 1920. The appellant had to consider at the date when the decision was passed what his right of appeal was, if any. The old Act of 1907 had been repealed and the only Act in force was the Act of 1920. Section 75, Sub-section (2), of the Act of 1920 gives a right of appeal to any creditor against a decision of the District Court of the nature specified in Schedule I of that Act, Amongst the decisions specified in Schedule I of that Act is the decision under Section 4 of a question of title. We are clearly of opinion that the decision which is appealed against was a decision on a question of title within the meaning of Section 4, although Section 4 did not exist when the case arose, and being such a decision it was one against which the creditor had a right of appeal by the only Act in force at the time when the appeal was filed. We therefore remit the case as above mentioned, and on the whole justice will be done by allowing costs to abide the result.<p>',
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include - APP/View/Case/amp.ctp, line 144
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Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
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1. This order cannot stand. The learned Judge has totally misconceived the position. The original application was by the insolvent complaining under the old Act, which is now repealed, against an act of the receiver, The act of the receiver was an act attaching some very valuable property which the receiver in a very clear, closely reasoned, and strong report has come to the conclusion had been sold by the insolvent some three years before the insolvency, merely with intent to defraud and delay his creditors, or, as the receiver says, to hoodwink his creditors and save the property. The District Judge has held, rightly, that it does not come within any of the express provisions of the insolvency law, and he has gone on to hold, erroneously, that a transaction cannot be attacked, under the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act or under general provisions of the law, in the Insolvency Court. Here he is wrong. The Insolvency Court has to administer the law under its own procedure and to decide questions arising in insolvency which are covered by special provisions of the Insolvency Act, where, for example, a trustee is given a higher title than the original debtor. But the Insolvency Court also has to apply, and to decide, all questions of general law, including such questions as are raised by Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act. That is one reason why the administration of insolvency is so onerous and imposes a very heavy burden on the district courts. If the receiver is right in fact, clearly this transaction was void under Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act, and the property attached by the receiver ought to be distributed as part of the estate among the creditors. But the receiver is not a judicial officer, and it is not sufficient for the Judge merely to refuse to disagree with him. We are of opinion in this case that, owing to his having considered the question of law to be a final bar, he has not applied his mind at all to the question of fact. He has only said that the receiver's reasoning is sound enough. There ought to be a full inquiry between the receiver and the creditor on one hand, and the debtor and his family on the other, as to the bona fides of this transaction.

Notice (8): Undefined variable: query [APP/View/Case/amp.ctp, line 144]Code Context                                         echo $this->Adsense->display('responsive_rect'); 

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			'casenote' => 'Act No. V of 1920 (Provincial Insolvency Act) Sections 4, 5 and 75(2) - Insolvency--Procedure--Appeal--Question of title--Act No. IV of 1882 (Transfer of Property Act), Section 53. -  -  The original application was by the insolvent complaining under the old Act, which is now repealed, against an act of the receiver, The act of the receiver was an act attaching some very valuable property which the receiver in a very clear, closely reasoned, and strong report has come to the conclusion had been sold by the insolvent some three years before the insolvency, merely with intent to defraud and delay his creditors, or, as the receiver says, to hoodwink his creditors and save the property. If the receiver is right in fact, clearly this transaction was void under Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act, and the property attached by the receiver ought to be distributed as part of the estate among the creditors. We are clearly of opinion that the decision which is appealed against was a decision on a question of title within the meaning of Section 4, although Section 4 did not exist when the case arose, and being such a decision it was one against which the creditor had a right of appeal by the only Act in force at the time when the appeal was filed.',
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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Walsh and Wallach, JJ.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This order cannot stand. The learned Judge has totally misconceived the position. The original application was by the insolvent complaining under the old Act, which is now repealed, against an act of the receiver, The act of the receiver was an act attaching some very valuable property which the receiver in a very clear, closely reasoned, and strong report has come to the conclusion had been sold by the insolvent some three years before the insolvency, merely with intent to defraud and delay his creditors, or, as the receiver says, to hoodwink his creditors and save the property. The District Judge has held, rightly, that it does not come within any of the express provisions of the insolvency law, and he has gone on to hold, erroneously, that a transaction cannot be attacked, under the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act or under general provisions of the law, in the Insolvency Court. Here he is wrong. The Insolvency Court has to administer the law under its own procedure and to decide questions arising in insolvency which are covered by special provisions of the Insolvency Act, where, for example, a trustee is given a higher title than the original debtor. But the Insolvency Court also has to apply, and to decide, all questions of general law, including such questions as are raised by Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act. That is one reason why the administration of insolvency is so onerous and imposes a very heavy burden on the district courts. If the receiver is right in fact, clearly this transaction was void under Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act, and the property attached by the receiver ought to be distributed as part of the estate among the creditors. But the receiver is not a judicial officer, and it is not sufficient for the Judge merely to refuse to disagree with him. We are of opinion in this case that, owing to his having considered the question of law to be a final bar, he has not applied his mind at all to the question of fact. He has only said that the receiver's reasoning is sound enough. There ought to be a full inquiry between the receiver and the creditor on one hand, and the debtor and his family on the other, as to the bona fides of this transaction.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. Whether you call it summary or not, it ought to follow the ordinary course of a suit. In the main the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure are applicable to such inquiry, and there ought to be sworn testimony and the same care used with regard to documents, and the admission or rejection of documentary evidence, as in a suit. We remit the case to the District Judge to hear and decide the application as though it were a question of title involving masters of law and fact under Section 4 of the new Act, which was not in force when he adjudicated. He must allow the respective parties to adduce any material evidence they may be advised to do.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. Mr. Agarwala on behalf of the respondent has very forcibly urged upon us the contention that we ought to dismiss this appeal on the ground that no appeal lay. Probably no appeal did lie under the old Act, under which this proceeding was commenced and decided. At any rate no appeal lay without the permission of the court and no permission has been given. The new Act of 1920 became law on the 25th of February, 1920. This decision was passed on the 5th of May, 1920. The appellant had to consider at the date when the decision was passed what his right of appeal was, if any. The old Act of 1907 had been repealed and the only Act in force was the Act of 1920. Section 75, Sub-section (2), of the Act of 1920 gives a right of appeal to any creditor against a decision of the District Court of the nature specified in Schedule I of that Act, Amongst the decisions specified in Schedule I of that Act is the decision under Section 4 of a question of title. We are clearly of opinion that the decision which is appealed against was a decision on a question of title within the meaning of Section 4, although Section 4 did not exist when the case arose, and being such a decision it was one against which the creditor had a right of appeal by the only Act in force at the time when the appeal was filed. We therefore remit the case as above mentioned, and on the whole justice will be done by allowing costs to abide the result.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">',
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		'judgement' => '<p>Walsh and Wallach, JJ.</p><p>1. This order cannot stand. The learned Judge has totally misconceived the position. The original application was by the insolvent complaining under the old Act, which is now repealed, against an act of the receiver, The act of the receiver was an act attaching some very valuable property which the receiver in a very clear, closely reasoned, and strong report has come to the conclusion had been sold by the insolvent some three years before the insolvency, merely with intent to defraud and delay his creditors, or, as the receiver says, to hoodwink his creditors and save the property. The District Judge has held, rightly, that it does not come within any of the express provisions of the insolvency law, and he has gone on to hold, erroneously, that a transaction cannot be attacked, under the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act or under general provisions of the law, in the Insolvency Court. Here he is wrong. The Insolvency Court has to administer the law under its own procedure and to decide questions arising in insolvency which are covered by special provisions of the Insolvency Act, where, for example, a trustee is given a higher title than the original debtor. But the Insolvency Court also has to apply, and to decide, all questions of general law, including such questions as are raised by Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act. That is one reason why the administration of insolvency is so onerous and imposes a very heavy burden on the district courts. If the receiver is right in fact, clearly this transaction was void under Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act, and the property attached by the receiver ought to be distributed as part of the estate among the creditors. But the receiver is not a judicial officer, and it is not sufficient for the Judge merely to refuse to disagree with him. We are of opinion in this case that, owing to his having considered the question of law to be a final bar, he has not applied his mind at all to the question of fact. He has only said that the receiver's reasoning is sound enough. There ought to be a full inquiry between the receiver and the creditor on one hand, and the debtor and his family on the other, as to the bona fides of this transaction.</p><p>2. Whether you call it summary or not, it ought to follow the ordinary course of a suit. In the main the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure are applicable to such inquiry, and there ought to be sworn testimony and the same care used with regard to documents, and the admission or rejection of documentary evidence, as in a suit. We remit the case to the District Judge to hear and decide the application as though it were a question of title involving masters of law and fact under Section 4 of the new Act, which was not in force when he adjudicated. He must allow the respective parties to adduce any material evidence they may be advised to do.</p><p>3. Mr. Agarwala on behalf of the respondent has very forcibly urged upon us the contention that we ought to dismiss this appeal on the ground that no appeal lay. Probably no appeal did lie under the old Act, under which this proceeding was commenced and decided. At any rate no appeal lay without the permission of the court and no permission has been given. The new Act of 1920 became law on the 25th of February, 1920. This decision was passed on the 5th of May, 1920. The appellant had to consider at the date when the decision was passed what his right of appeal was, if any. The old Act of 1907 had been repealed and the only Act in force was the Act of 1920. Section 75, Sub-section (2), of the Act of 1920 gives a right of appeal to any creditor against a decision of the District Court of the nature specified in Schedule I of that Act, Amongst the decisions specified in Schedule I of that Act is the decision under Section 4 of a question of title. We are clearly of opinion that the decision which is appealed against was a decision on a question of title within the meaning of Section 4, although Section 4 did not exist when the case arose, and being such a decision it was one against which the creditor had a right of appeal by the only Act in force at the time when the appeal was filed. We therefore remit the case as above mentioned, and on the whole justice will be done by allowing costs to abide the result.<p></p><p>',
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	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This order cannot stand. The learned Judge has totally misconceived the position. The original application was by the insolvent complaining under the old Act, which is now repealed, against an act of the receiver, The act of the receiver was an act attaching some very valuable property which the receiver in a very clear, closely reasoned, and strong report has come to the conclusion had been sold by the insolvent some three years before the insolvency, merely with intent to defraud and delay his creditors, or, as the receiver says, to hoodwink his creditors and save the property. The District Judge has held, rightly, that it does not come within any of the express provisions of the insolvency law, and he has gone on to hold, erroneously, that a transaction cannot be attacked, under the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act or under general provisions of the law, in the Insolvency Court. Here he is wrong. The Insolvency Court has to administer the law under its own procedure and to decide questions arising in insolvency which are covered by special provisions of the Insolvency Act, where, for example, a trustee is given a higher title than the original debtor. But the Insolvency Court also has to apply, and to decide, all questions of general law, including such questions as are raised by Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act. That is one reason why the administration of insolvency is so onerous and imposes a very heavy burden on the district courts. If the receiver is right in fact, clearly this transaction was void under Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act, and the property attached by the receiver ought to be distributed as part of the estate among the creditors. But the receiver is not a judicial officer, and it is not sufficient for the Judge merely to refuse to disagree with him. We are of opinion in this case that, owing to his having considered the question of law to be a final bar, he has not applied his mind at all to the question of fact. He has only said that the receiver's reasoning is sound enough. There ought to be a full inquiry between the receiver and the creditor on one hand, and the debtor and his family on the other, as to the bona fides of this transaction.',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. Whether you call it summary or not, it ought to follow the ordinary course of a suit. In the main the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure are applicable to such inquiry, and there ought to be sworn testimony and the same care used with regard to documents, and the admission or rejection of documentary evidence, as in a suit. We remit the case to the District Judge to hear and decide the application as though it were a question of title involving masters of law and fact under Section 4 of the new Act, which was not in force when he adjudicated. He must allow the respective parties to adduce any material evidence they may be advised to do.',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. Mr. Agarwala on behalf of the respondent has very forcibly urged upon us the contention that we ought to dismiss this appeal on the ground that no appeal lay. Probably no appeal did lie under the old Act, under which this proceeding was commenced and decided. At any rate no appeal lay without the permission of the court and no permission has been given. The new Act of 1920 became law on the 25th of February, 1920. This decision was passed on the 5th of May, 1920. The appellant had to consider at the date when the decision was passed what his right of appeal was, if any. The old Act of 1907 had been repealed and the only Act in force was the Act of 1920. Section 75, Sub-section (2), of the Act of 1920 gives a right of appeal to any creditor against a decision of the District Court of the nature specified in Schedule I of that Act, Amongst the decisions specified in Schedule I of that Act is the decision under Section 4 of a question of title. We are clearly of opinion that the decision which is appealed against was a decision on a question of title within the meaning of Section 4, although Section 4 did not exist when the case arose, and being such a decision it was one against which the creditor had a right of appeal by the only Act in force at the time when the appeal was filed. We therefore remit the case as above mentioned, and on the whole justice will be done by allowing costs to abide the result.<p>',
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2. Whether you call it summary or not, it ought to follow the ordinary course of a suit. In the main the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure are applicable to such inquiry, and there ought to be sworn testimony and the same care used with regard to documents, and the admission or rejection of documentary evidence, as in a suit. We remit the case to the District Judge to hear and decide the application as though it were a question of title involving masters of law and fact under Section 4 of the new Act, which was not in force when he adjudicated. He must allow the respective parties to adduce any material evidence they may be advised to do.

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3. Mr. Agarwala on behalf of the respondent has very forcibly urged upon us the contention that we ought to dismiss this appeal on the ground that no appeal lay. Probably no appeal did lie under the old Act, under which this proceeding was commenced and decided. At any rate no appeal lay without the permission of the court and no permission has been given. The new Act of 1920 became law on the 25th of February, 1920. This decision was passed on the 5th of May, 1920. The appellant had to consider at the date when the decision was passed what his right of appeal was, if any. The old Act of 1907 had been repealed and the only Act in force was the Act of 1920. Section 75, Sub-section (2), of the Act of 1920 gives a right of appeal to any creditor against a decision of the District Court of the nature specified in Schedule I of that Act, Amongst the decisions specified in Schedule I of that Act is the decision under Section 4 of a question of title. We are clearly of opinion that the decision which is appealed against was a decision on a question of title within the meaning of Section 4, although Section 4 did not exist when the case arose, and being such a decision it was one against which the creditor had a right of appeal by the only Act in force at the time when the appeal was filed. We therefore remit the case as above mentioned, and on the whole justice will be done by allowing costs to abide the result.

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	(int) 0 => '<p>Walsh and Wallach, JJ.',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. This order cannot stand. The learned Judge has totally misconceived the position. The original application was by the insolvent complaining under the old Act, which is now repealed, against an act of the receiver, The act of the receiver was an act attaching some very valuable property which the receiver in a very clear, closely reasoned, and strong report has come to the conclusion had been sold by the insolvent some three years before the insolvency, merely with intent to defraud and delay his creditors, or, as the receiver says, to hoodwink his creditors and save the property. The District Judge has held, rightly, that it does not come within any of the express provisions of the insolvency law, and he has gone on to hold, erroneously, that a transaction cannot be attacked, under the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act or under general provisions of the law, in the Insolvency Court. Here he is wrong. The Insolvency Court has to administer the law under its own procedure and to decide questions arising in insolvency which are covered by special provisions of the Insolvency Act, where, for example, a trustee is given a higher title than the original debtor. But the Insolvency Court also has to apply, and to decide, all questions of general law, including such questions as are raised by Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act. That is one reason why the administration of insolvency is so onerous and imposes a very heavy burden on the district courts. If the receiver is right in fact, clearly this transaction was void under Section 53 of the Transfer of Property Act, and the property attached by the receiver ought to be distributed as part of the estate among the creditors. But the receiver is not a judicial officer, and it is not sufficient for the Judge merely to refuse to disagree with him. We are of opinion in this case that, owing to his having considered the question of law to be a final bar, he has not applied his mind at all to the question of fact. He has only said that the receiver's reasoning is sound enough. There ought to be a full inquiry between the receiver and the creditor on one hand, and the debtor and his family on the other, as to the bona fides of this transaction.',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. Whether you call it summary or not, it ought to follow the ordinary course of a suit. In the main the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure are applicable to such inquiry, and there ought to be sworn testimony and the same care used with regard to documents, and the admission or rejection of documentary evidence, as in a suit. We remit the case to the District Judge to hear and decide the application as though it were a question of title involving masters of law and fact under Section 4 of the new Act, which was not in force when he adjudicated. He must allow the respective parties to adduce any material evidence they may be advised to do.',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. Mr. Agarwala on behalf of the respondent has very forcibly urged upon us the contention that we ought to dismiss this appeal on the ground that no appeal lay. Probably no appeal did lie under the old Act, under which this proceeding was commenced and decided. At any rate no appeal lay without the permission of the court and no permission has been given. The new Act of 1920 became law on the 25th of February, 1920. This decision was passed on the 5th of May, 1920. The appellant had to consider at the date when the decision was passed what his right of appeal was, if any. The old Act of 1907 had been repealed and the only Act in force was the Act of 1920. Section 75, Sub-section (2), of the Act of 1920 gives a right of appeal to any creditor against a decision of the District Court of the nature specified in Schedule I of that Act, Amongst the decisions specified in Schedule I of that Act is the decision under Section 4 of a question of title. We are clearly of opinion that the decision which is appealed against was a decision on a question of title within the meaning of Section 4, although Section 4 did not exist when the case arose, and being such a decision it was one against which the creditor had a right of appeal by the only Act in force at the time when the appeal was filed. We therefore remit the case as above mentioned, and on the whole justice will be done by allowing costs to abide the result.<p>',
	(int) 4 => '<p>'
)
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Subject	Property;Civil
Court	Allahabad
Decided On	Jul-18-1921
Judge	Walsh and ;Wallach, JJ.
Reported in	(1922)ILR44All71
Appellant	Shikri Prasad
Respondent	Aziz Ali and ors.

Shikri Prasad Vs. Aziz Ali and ors. - Court Judgment