Shri D.S. Jadhav Vs. the Hon'ble the Chief Justice, Bombay High Court and Ors. (20.09.1994 - BOMHC) - Court Judgment

D.R. Dhanuka, J.

1. Heard learned Counsel on both sides. There is no merit in the petition. The petition is summarily dismissed.

2. The petitioner herein, is a former Judicial Officer. At the relevant time, the petitioner was working as Civil Judge (J. D.) and Judicial Magistrate, First Class in the State of Maharashtra as indicated in later part of this order.

3. By this petition filed under Article 226 of Constitution of India, the petitioner has impugned order dated 2nd March, 1993 passed by the Government of Maharashtra dismissing him from service on recommendation of the High Court on Administrative side as contemplated under Article 235 of the Constitution of India after holding of a detailed disciplinary enquiry relating to alleged misconduct of the petitioner by the 4th Additional District Judge and Additional Sessions Judge, Solapur.

4. It is as universally accepted norm that Judges and Judicial Officers must act with dignity and must not indulge in a conduct or behaviour which is likely to affect the image of judiciary or which unbecoming of a Judicial Officer. If the Members of the judiciary indulge in a behaviour which is blameworthy or which is unbecoming of a Judicial Officer, the Writ Courts are not expected to intervene and grant relief to such a Judicial officer. Ordinarily, an order terminating services of a Judicial Officer by passing an order of dismissal from service or other were on recommendation of the High Court as contemplated under Article 235 of Constitution of India would not be justiciable except on proof of breach of a constitutional provision, principles of natural justice or the applicable service rules. It is for the petitioner to make out a clear case so as to warrant judicial intervention under Article 226 of the Constitution. The petitioner has failed to make out such a case in this petition.

4-A. In this case, the learned Additional District and Sessions Judge, in his capacity as an Enquiry Officer held the following charge proved against the petitioner :

The petitioner was found having consumed liquor on a public road i.e. Poona-Nasik Road in front of police outpost at Nashik Road on 26th August, 1989 at about 8.45 p.m. and further behaving in a disorderly manner i. e. shouting and abusing amounting to a misconduct unbecoming of a Judicial Officer.

The finding recorded by the Enquiry Officer are based on oral and documentary evidence led before him. It is stated in Para 9 of the report of the Enquiry Officer as under :

The delinquent (i. e. the petitioner) neither admitted nor denied the charge, He also did not put up any defence.

The findings recorded by the Enquiry Officer were accepted by the High Court on Administrative side after giving of a further opportunity to the petitioner to show cause against the proposed punishment and a recommendation was made by the High Court to the Governor of Maharashtra to dismiss the petitioner from service. The above referred recommendation was duly accepted by Respondent-No. 3. As a result thereof, the impugned order of dismissal of petitioner from service was passed by Respondent No. 3. The relevant facts are briefly summarised hereinafter.

5. On 15th February, 1982 the petitioner was appointed as Civil Judge, Junior Division and Judicial Magistrate, First Class with the necessary posting at Ahmednagar, In the month of August, 1989, the petitioner was serving as Civil Judge, Junior Division and Judicial Magistrate, First Class at Vasai, District Thane. An incident took place on 26th August, 1989 which was witnessed inter alia by Police Constables Madhav Bhaguji Nagare and Prakash Bhagwan Gosavi. According to the said witnesses the petitioner was found having consumed liquor behaving in a disorderly manner on the public road having consumed liquor. It is the case of the respondents that the petitioner was seen shouting and abusing on a public road i.e. on Poona-Nasik Road just in front of police outpost in a state of intoxication on that day and the misbehaviour of the petitioner at a public place was such that it was unbecoming of a Judicial Officer. A First Information Report was duly lodged at Nashik Road Police Station in respect of the said incident. A panchanama was made regarding the physical condition of the petitioner on the same day i.e. 26th August, 1989. In the said panchanama it is recorded that the petitioner was smelling of liquor and was unable to take care of himself. The underlining is done to supply emphasis. A report was obtained from Chemical Analyser after taking sample of petitioner's blood. The petitioner was duly examined by the Medical Officer, Civil, Nasik. According to the opinion of the Medical Officer, the Petitioner had consumed liquor on that day. In this situation, the petitioner was arrested and released on bail. The petitioner was also suspended from service. A Disciplinary Enquiry was held in the conduct of the petitioner. The petitioner did not raise any defence at the enquiry. The petitioner did not file any written statement. The petitioner virtually boycotted the said enquiry. The petitioner remained absent on various dates of enquiry fixed by the Enquiry Officer i.e. on 5th March, 1991, 26th July, 1991, 3rd August, 1991, 6th September, 1991 and 24th September, 1991. The petitioner was present before the Enquiry Officer only on 13th August, 1991. The evidence of two witnesses was already recorded by the Enquiry Officer on 3rd August, 1991. The petitioner made a show of being interested in cross -examining the said witnesses by addressing a letter dated 13th August, 1991 to the learned Enquiry Officer. Once again the petitioner remained absent on several subsequent dates of enquiry as indicated above. Total non-cooperation by a Judicial Officer with the Enquiry Officer in holding of a Disciplinary Enquiry is itself blame worthy. In this situation, the learned Enquiry Officer evaluated the evidence of the witnesses examined before him. The learned Enquiry Officer reached the conclusion that the said evidence was duly corroborated by the following documents :-

(a) Report made by the P. S. I. Nashik Road, Police Station to the District and Sessions Judge, Nashik.

(b) F. I. R. dated 13th May, 1990 (F. I. R. was filed after obtaining of several reports).

(c) Report of the Chemical Analyser in respect of the sample of the blood sent by the Medical Officer. Civil Hospital, Nashik, received on or about 7th May. 1990 showing that there was 0.069 per cent w/v ethyl alcohol in the blood.

(d) Panchanama dated 26th August, 1990 regarding the physical condition of the petitioner was smelling of the liquor and that the petitioner was unable to take care of himself at the material time on that day.

The learned Enquiry Officer made his report to the High Court stating therein that the charge levelled against the petitioner was duly proved. On 16th January, 1992, the Registrar of this Court issued a notice to the petitioner to show cause as to why the petitioner should not be dismissed from service. The Registrar of this Court issued the above referred show cause notice to the petitioner at the instance of the Hon'ble the Chief Justice and Judges of the Court as set out in the said notice. The petitioner submitted his explanation by letters dated 7th March, 1992 and 16th April 1992. It was not stated in either of the said letters of explanation that the petitioner was being compelled to be a witness against himself in contravention of Article 20(3) of the Constitution or otherwise. The High Court acting on Administrative side was not satisfied with the explanation forwarded by the petitioner. In this situation, the High Court made a recommendation to the Governor of Maharashtra to the effect that the petitioner be dismissed from service. The High Court did it so under Article 235 of the Constitution. As far as Criminal Case No. 5640 of-1990 is concerned, the same was decided by the trial Court on 12th February, 1993. The learned Judicial Magistrate passed an order to the effect that the offence with which the petitioner was charged i. e. under Sections 85(1) and 66(1)(b) of the Bombay Prohibition Act, 1949 was not proved beyond reasonable doubt. In substance, the petitioner was given benefit of doubt.

6. The learned Counsel for the petitioner submits that the petitioner was not bound to file his written statement or examine himself as a witness during the course of impugned Disciplinary Enquiry in view of the provisions of law contained in Article 20(3) of the Constitution. There is no merit in this plea. The factual foundation concerning the said plea is non-existent. No one compelled the petitioner to be a witness against himself. Article 20(3) of the Constitution is applicable only to criminal proceeding. The said Article has no application to civil proceeding or departmental enquiries. The learned Counsel for the petitioner has invited attention of the Court to the observations made by the Supreme Court in the Case of State of Bombay v. Kathi Kalu Oghad, reported in : 1961CriLJ856 . In our opinion, the said judgment is not at all relevant for the purpose of deciding this petition. Article 20(3) of the Constitution of India does not extend to the parties and witnesses in civil proceeding or proceedings other than the criminal e.g. a Disciplinary or Departmental Enquiry or a proceeding for public examination of Director under Section 45(9) under the Banking Companies Act, 1949 etc. In our opinion, the ratio of the judgment of the Supreme Court in case of S. A. Venkataraman v. Union of India and another, reported in : 1954CriLJ993 is relevant for the purpose of deciding the above referred controversy sought to be raised by the petitioner at this stage. In this case, the Apex Court was called upon to interpret and apply under Article 20(2) on the Constitution. Article 20(2) of the Constitution has some bearing on interpretation and applicability of Article 20(3) of the Constitution as well as. After considering the ratio of the judgment of the Supreme Court of India in Maqbool Hussain v. State of Bombay, reported in : 1983ECR1598D(SC) , the Supreme Court held that holding of an enquiry under Public Servants (Inquiries) Act of 1850 against the public servant did not bar the commencement of criminal proceedings against the public servant in the same facts. In this case, the Departmental Enquiry was held first. Later on the police submitted a charge-sheet against the petitioner charging him with offences under Section 161/165 Indian Penal Code and Section 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act. A writ petition was filed by the petitioner in the Supreme Court contending that the criminal proceeding commenced against the petitioner on the same facts was in contravention of Article 20(2) of the Constitution. The petition was dismissed by the Supreme Court.

7. In the above referred judgment of the Supreme Court in Kathi Kaiu's case it is clearly observed in Para No. 15 of the said judgment that in order to bring the evidence within the inhibitions of Clause (3) of Article 20 it must be shown not only that the person making the statement was an accused at the time when he made it but also that he had a material bearing on the criminality of the maker of the statement and that the accused person was in fact compelled to make the statement. In our opinion, the observations made by the Supreme Court in Kathi Kalii's case have no relevance whatsoever for our purpose. If the submission of the learned Counsel for the petitioner were to be accepted, it would mean that no Disciplinary Enquiry can be held at all against a public servant during the pendency of the criminal prosecution arising out of the same incident. We are not prepared to accept the submission made by the learned Counsel for the petitioner in this behalf as it runs counter to the well-settled law that a Disciplinary Enquiry can be held against a public servant even during the pendency of a criminal proceeding. It is of significance .that no one compelled the petitioner to be a witness against himself in the Disciplinary Enquiry. The petitioner as at fault for boycotting the enquiry and for total non-co-operating with the Enquiry Officer by his non-participation in the said enquiry. It is amazing that the petitioner makes all sort of allegations against the Enquiry Officer who was a Senior Judicial Officer without any basis.

8. The learned Counsel for the petitioner submitted that the petitioner had a permit for consumption of liquor is on health grounds and the concerned medical officer had clearly issued a certificate in this case stating therein that the petitioner had consumed liquor but was not under the influence of liquor. It is not for this Court to evaluate the evidence led at the departmental enquiry in a Writ Petition filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of India. The fact remains that the petitioner was first taken to Bytco Hospital for medical examination. The petitioner informed the Medical Officer concerned that the petitioner was a Judge. The petitioner was thereupon referred to Civil Hospital, Nashik, for taking of sample of blood from his person. The learned Enquiry Officer has held a fair and detailed enquiry and given ample opportunity to the petitioner to participate in the enquiry and has evaluated the entire evidence led before him after taking over-all view of the oral and documentary evidence led during the course of the enquiry. The Enquiry Officer reached a conclusion to the effect that the petitioner was guilty of misbehaviour and mis-conduct unbecoming a Judicial Officer. The Enquiry officer, cannot be faulted with in respect of conclusions arrived at by him in view of the clear facts of the case as discussed above. No case is made out for interferring with the factual findings of the Enquiry Officer as set out in his report.

9. The learned Counsel for the petitioner submitted that the Enquiry Officer could not have reached the conclusion to the effect that the petitioner had infringed the Rule 28(d) and 28(e) of the Maharashtra Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1979. Rule 28(d) of the said Rules prohibits a Government servant from appearing at a public place in a state of intoxication. Rule 28(e) of the said Rules prohibits the Government servant from using intoxicating drink or drugs to excess. We have carefully gone through the entire material on record. In our opinion the view taken by the Enquiry Officer cannot be considered as an unreason able or perverse having regard to the material on record. We are not prepared to evaluate the evidence again as desired by the petitioner and record fresh finding of fact. Ordinarily we have no jurisdiction to do so. We agree with the reasoning and conclusion of the learned Enquiry Officer and all the authorities who agreed therewith.

10. The learned Counsel for Respondents submits that the petitioner was never compelled by the Enquiry Officer to give any evidence at the Enquiry. The learned Counsel for the respondents submit that the petitioner never made any such grievance in the two representations addressed by the petitioner to the Registrar of this Court and the grievance now made is an afterthought. In our opinion, the petitioner was never compelled to be a witness against himself during the course of disciplinary enquiry. The question as to whether the petitioner was compelled or not to be a witness against himself is a question of fact. It is not possible to accept the submission made by learned Counsel for the petitioner that the Court should accept the plea made on behalf of the petitioner on the basis of an inference which must follow from issuing notice of enquiry to the petitioner. We have no hesitation in rejecting the submission of the petitioner.

11. In any event, we are firmly of the view that the conduct of the petitioner was unbecoming of a Judicial Officer. In this view of the matter, we are not prepared to intervene in this matter in our writ jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution of India. On this aspect of the case, the learned Counsel for the petitioner submitted that the petitioner was a poor person and the petitioner should be given an opportunity to serve the State judiciary once again. We are unconvinced. It is not possible to grant any relief to the petitioner on such a basis.

12. The impugned order is not shown to be unconstitutional or in breach of applicable service rules or in breach of principles of natural justice.

13. In the result, the Petition falls. The Petition is dismissed. No order as to costs.