The State of Maharashtra and Other Vs. Ganesh S/O Raju Rajput and Another - Court Judgment

Excerpt:
a) the case debated over the appreciation of evidence in the matter of death of young boy employed in the factory by beating and fisting by the owner- the witnesses evidence remained unshakeable and the medical evidence also supported the case- it was held that there was nothing to discard the testimony. ; b) the case discussed the veracity of evidence of child witness in the matter where a young boy employed in the factory was beaten to death by the owner- other young boys testified to the facts- it was contended that the witnesses being annoyed with the owner had falsely deposed and there were omissions and contradictions in their evidence- it was held that the omissions were minor and insignificant- the evidence was corroborated by other witnesses and medical evidence, the witnesses had no animus and being natural witnesses evidence could not be doubted. ; c) the case debated on the veracity of the medical evidence in the matter where a young boy employed in the factory was beaten to death by the owner- number of injuries were found on the body, it was contended that the medical report was perfunctory and therefore death could not have been caused by these injuries- it was held not tenable as the medical report and evidence of the independent witnesses showed that the injuries were innumerable causing pain and agony and were inflicted over a considerable period of torturing which resulted in death. ; d) the case debated on the proof of intention to kill in the matter where a young boy employed in the factory was beaten to death by the owner- number of injuries were found on the body including burn injuries- it was contended that because the injuries were by beating and on non vital parts, intention was only to reform and not to kill- it was held that although the doctor had not stated in his evidence about the injuries being sufficient to cause death, but the cumulative effect of all the injuries was that it were sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. ; e) the case debated over the death sentence awarded by the trial judge in the matter where a young boy employed in the factory was beaten to death by the owner- it was held that the mitigating circumstances like young age of the accused, probability of the accused being reformed and not committing offence again outweighed more than the convicting circumstances therefore, the sentence of death was converted to that of life imprisonment. - code of criminal procedure, 1973 [c.a. no. 2/1974]. section 41: [ swatanter kumar, cj, smt ranjana desai & d.b. bhosale, jj] arrest of accused - held, a police officer or a person empowered to arrest may arrest a person without intervention of the court subject to the limitations specified under the provisions of the code. the provisions of section 41 of the code provides for arrest by a police officer without an order from a magistrate and without a warrant. a distinct and different power under section 44 of the code empowers the magistrate to arrest or order any person to arrest the offender. under section 44 of the code, that power is vested in the court of the magistrate when an offence is committed in his presence. if the legislature has taken care of providing such specific power under section 44 of the code, then there could be no reason for such a power not to be specified under the provisions of chapter xii of the code. in terms of section 41, a police officer may arrest a person without a warrant or order from the magistrate for any or all of the conditions specified in that provision. language of this provision clearly suggested that the police officer can arrest a person without an order from the magistrate. thus, there appears to be no reason why on the strength of section 156(3) of the code, any restriction should be read into the power specifically granted by the legislature to the police officer. of course, freedom of investigation is the essence of these provisions but in order to suppress the mischief it is sufficiently indicated under different provisions of the code that the arresting officer should exercise his power or discretion judiciously and should be free of motive. some kind of inbuilt safeguard is available to the accused in the cases where the magistrate directs investigation under section 156 (3) of the code by taking recourse to the provisions of section 438 of the code by approaching the court of session or the high court for such relief. thus, during the course of investigation of a criminal case, an accused is not remediless and that would further buttress the above view. [jagannath singh v dr. ajay upadyay & anr 2006 cri lj 4274; 2006 (5) air bom r held per incuriam]. - he was running a confectionary business and used to prepare eatables like maida kandi, samosa, gulab jamun etc. he was knowing tamil as well as hindi languages. 2 might have been caused by hot rod like object within 3 to 4 days of his examination. in his opinion, the cause of death was due to multiple injuries by hot rod like object. head injuries is possible due to hard and blunt object like brick. the injuries on the dead body are clearly visible in the photographs which are proved on record. he gave his opinion about the cause of death due to multiple injuries by hot rod like object. the burns are caused due to heated substance like rod, though we find one contusion on occipital area under the scalp in column no. but gradually when assault after assault, beating and giving burns by heated substance like iron rod without any mercy on a very tender boy was committed, knowledge can be attributed to accused nos. she was therefore the best, informed expert who could opine with authority as to the cause of the death and as to the sufficiency or otherwise of the injuries from which the death ensued. sarojini's evidence on this point stood on a better footing than that of the doctors who had externally examined the deceased in his lifetime. --shock may also occur from fright before the individual isaffected by burns, if his heart is weak or diseased. ' in this case, shiva was a young boy of 10 years, weak. we are, therefore satisfied that accused nos. 1. hemust be condemned to death and no leniency should be shown to accused no. or (b) if the murder involves exceptional depravity; as well as the learned counsel for accused submitted that they did not want to place relevant material bearing on the question of sentence before pronouncement of sentence. only after giving due weight to the mitigating as well as the aggravating circumstances placed before it, it must pronounce the sentence. we think as a general rule the trial courts should after recording the conviction adjourn the matter to a future date and call upon both the prosecution as well as the defence to place the relevant material bearing on the question of sentence before it and thereafter pronounce the sentence to be imposed on the offender.orderm.b. ghodeswar, j.1. the additional sessions judge, yavatmal by his judgment and order dated 21-12-1995 in sessions trial no. 240/93 has convicted accused no. 1 ganesh raju rajput and accused no.2 kumar n. parraman mondar for the offence punishable under section 302 read with section 34 of indian penal code and had sentenced accused no. 1 ganesh to death and accused no. 2 kumar to suffer imprisonment for life. the accused no. 1 is also convicted for the offence under section 4(2)(b) punishable under section 16 and accused no. 2 for the offence under section 4(2)(b) punishable under section 20 of bonded labour system (abolition) act, 1976 and sentenced to suffer 3 months simple imprisonment and to pay a fine of rs. 1,000/- in default to suffer further three months simple imprisonment. the accused no. 1 ganesh is also convicted for the offence punishable under section 324 of indian penal code and sentenced to suffer three months. r.i. the learned trial judge has sent this reference to this court under section 366 of the code of criminal procedure, 1973 for confirmation. accused no. 1 ganesh has preferred criminal appeal no. 26/96 and accused no. 2 kumar has filed criminal appeal no. 74/96 against their conviction and sentence. all these three cases are heard together and are being disposed of by the common judgment and order.2. the facts in brief of the prosecution case kumar are original residents of tamil nadu state. accused no. 1 ganesh has a house in ward no. 20, rangaripura at wani district yavatmal. he was running a confectionary business and used to prepare eatables like maida kandi, samosa, gulab jamun etc. and used to sell the eatables in surrounding villages of wani. for running his business, he has brought some 5/6 young boys aged about 10 to 15 years from tamil nadu for doing the work. his work of preparing eatables started every morning. young boys were residing in his house and he used to wake the boys at about 4 or 5 a.m. for work. accused no. 2 who is of the same age of accused no. 1 was also working with accused no. 1.the incident in this case occurred on 29-6-1993 in the house of accused no. 1 ganesh. one boy shiva murgan, aged about 10 to 12 years had gone to answer nature's call outside the house of accused no. 1 and did not return immediately. therefore, accused nos. 1 and 2 and one boy muni andi went in search of shiva and they brought him to the house of accused no. 1 at about 7 a.m. accused no. 1 got annoyed on the behaviour of shiva. he asked shiva to start work and threatened him that he would see him after the work was over. all boys worked till 10 a.m. after finishing the work, accused no. 1 gave a kick to shiva and he fell down and thereafter started besting and fortune to shiva by kicks and fists, electric wire, plastic pipe, nylon rope and cycle tube. this torture continued till evening till the death of shiva in the house of accused no. 1. in this beating and torture, along with accused no. 1, accused no. 2 was also involved and he is alleged to have given burns to shiva by heated iron rod. during this period, shiva passed excreta in his half pant. it is alleged that accused no. 1 lifted shiva by cable and took him to the adjoining bath room where the younger brother of shiva - raja (chhota) was asked to wash the body of shiva which he did in the bath room. so also, accused no. 1 pushed shiva against the wall and further gave blows by means of brick piece on his head. shiva was brought outside by raja (chhota) and put on gunny bag spread on the floor. in the meanwhile, another accused no. 3 kammu @ kamruddin, original accused no. 3 also came to the house of accused no. 1. shiva was not making any movement, accused no. 1 pressed his abdomen once or twice, gave call to shiva by his name, but shiva did not respond. accused no. 1 said that shiva died. the children started weeping. accused no. 3 kammu was again called by accused no. 1 who examined shiva and said that shiva is sick, he is still alive and he should be taken to hospital. thereafter, accused no. 1 and 2 took shiva on m-80 two wheeler moped to rural hospital at wani. the doctor moreshwar mahajan (p.w. 8) declared shiva dead. the body of shiva was lying on a bench in the hospital.p.w. 2 sonu whose house is adjacent to the house of accused no. 1, in the morning heard the cries and screams of a body coming from the house of accused no. 1 and while going to work at about 9 a.m. he saw beating to shiva by accused through the hole of bamboo matting. p.w. 3 diwakar bharatkar also witnessed the incident of beating to shiva by wire and stick at about 10 a.m. and p.w. 4 mohammad sheikh has also witnessed the beating by kick and fists blows at 3 p.m. after returning from work sonu (p.w. 2) had gone to see the sawari (moharrum festival) and at that time noticed the accused nos. 1 and 2 taking shiva on the two wheeler. he immediately informed his brother p.w. 1 ganpat sahare who was the municipal councillor from ward no. 28 of wani. p.ws. 1, 2, 3 and 4 and others had gone to rural hospital. body of shiva was lying on a bench. they noticed the injuries all over the body of shiva. p.w. 1 thereafter went in police station, wani and lodged his oral report ex. 32. the police immediately went on spot, drew spot panchanama, seized various articles including wire, iron rod etc. found on the spot. next day early in the morning, police took p.w. 9 anil photographer to the hospital and he took various snaps of the dead body and the scene of offence and the articles tying there. the inquest over the dead body of shiva was held. dead body was sent for post mortem examination. the accused nos. 1 and 2 were arrested immediately. the blood stained clothes of the accused were seized. the statements of the inmates of the house of accused no. 1 including p.w. 6 mukesh alias murgan devar and p.w. 7 raja devar were recorded. accused no. 1 expressed his desire to show the brickpiece. the statement of accused no. 1 was recorded in presence of panchas (ex. 118). accused no. 1, took police and panchas to his house and showed the brick piece. it was seized as per seizure memo ex. 119. after completion of necessary investigation, the charge-sheet was submitted in the court of judicial magistrate, first class, wani. during the trial, the learned trial judge has framed the charge against accused nos. 1 to 3 for the offence punishable under section 302 of indian penal code simplicitor, under sections 302, 34 and/or 302/ 109, 201 read with section 34, and under sections 323 and 324 of indian penal code and under section 4(2)(b) read with section 16 of the bonded labour system(abolition) act, 1976 against accused no. 1, and under section 4(2)(b) punishable under section 20 of bonded labour system (abolition) act, against accused nos. 2 and 3. to the charge, the accused pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried.3. the prosecution has examined in all 13 witnesses including five eye-witnesses .sonu sahare (p.w. 2), diwakar bharatkar (p.w. 3), mohd. sheikh s/o sattar (p.w. 4,) mukesh devar (p.w. 6) and raja devar (p.w. 7), dr. moreshwar mahajan (p.w. 8) who performed post mortem examination, anil -photographer (p.w. 9), baban samarth (p.w. 10), liladhar ghate panchas (p.w. 11) and dastgirkhan mulla (p.w. 12), judicial magistrate first class, wani who has recorded 161 criminal procedure code statements of p.ws. 6 and 7. motilal jadhav (p.w. 13) is the investigating officer. the defence of the accused is of total denial. however, it is suggested to some of the eye-witnesses that shiva was ill for 2 days before the incident which is denied by the witnesses. in the statement recorded under section 313 of the code of criminal procedure, the accused nos. 1 and 2 have admitted their presence in the house of accused no. 1 at time of incident. in answer to question no. 226 (do you want to say anything more ?), accused no. 1 answered that he would be filing his written say. similarly to question no. 143, accused no. 2 also answered that he would be filing written say, but accused nos. 1 and 2 did not file the written say on record and the learned trial judge has made a note to that effect.4. the learned trial judge has believed the prosecution case. he has held that shiva died a homicidal death on the basis of the evidence of eye-witnesses and p.w. 8 dr. moreshwar mahajan and further that shiva died due to the beating and torture at the hands of accused nos. 1 and 2 and recorded a finding of conviction and though accused no. 1 is acquitted of simplicitor charge for murder, both the accused nos. 1 and 2 are held guilty for the offence punishable under section 302 read with section 34 indian penal code.5. we have heard the learned appointed counsel shri b.s. wankhede for accused no. 1, shri p.v. hardas learned counsel for accused no. 2 and the learned 'a' panel counsel shri deshpande for the state. shri wankhede has fairly conceded that accused no. 1 being annoyed with the behaviour of shiva for avoiding work, gave some slaps or beating to shiva in order to correct him. there was no intention on the part of accused no. 1 to kill shiva and shiva died due to the acts of accused no. 2 for which accused no. 1 cannot be held liable. according to him, offence against accused no. 1 would be at the most under section 304 part ii of indian penal code because of applicability of section 34 of indian penal code.the learned counsel for accused no. 2 shri hardas has submitted that there was no intention on the part of accused no. 2 to kill shiva. at the most from the circumstances of the case, beating was done with intention to teach a lesson to shiva to chastise him, and therefore, the offence under section 302 read with section 34 of indian penal code is not attracted. shri deshpande has supported the judgment and order of the trial court and submitted that a very crucial and inhuman treatment is meted out to shiva - a very young boy of tender age and the accused did not show any repentance for their acts and accused no. 1 if allowed to live will commit such type of offences again, and therefore, extreme punishment of death be confirmed.6. to appreciate the contentions raised by the learned counsel it is necessary to see the evidence recorded in this case, p.w. 1 ganpat sahare on learning about theincident from his brother p.w. 2 sonu about the beating and torture to shiva went to rural hospital, wani. he found shiva dead. there were number of injuries on his body. he went to police station, wani and lodged his oral report ex. 32. p.w. 2 sonu s/o tulsiram sahare has deposed that his house at rangaripura, ward no. 28 at wani is adjacent to the house of accused no. 1 ganesh. accused no. 2 kumar was residing in the house of accused no. 1 and accused no. 1 was residing in the said house since about 5 to 6 years. he was preparing confectionery items such as biscuits, chocolates etc. in his house and some 4/5 boys were working with accused no. 1. on the day of incident the accused no. 1 started beating shiva a boy since 7 a.m. he left his house for work at about 9 or 10 a.m. and when he was leaving his house, he saw that accused no 1 ganesh was beating shiva in his house. he returned to his house at 7 p.m., took dinner and then went to see sawari near his house. at that time, he saw that accused no. 1 ganesh was taking shiva on his shoulder to the hospital. the accused nos. 1 and 2 went on m-80 two wheeler. then, he went to the house of his brother p.w. 1 ganpat and informed him about the incident. he also went in the hospital and saw the dead body of shiva. he stated that there were bleeding injuries on the dead body of shiva. accused no. 1 was also called by name raju rajput. he admitted in cross-examination that he did not see any incident at 9 a.m. he denied the suggestion that the accused nos. 1 and 2 did not give votes for his brother p.w. 1 ganpat, and therefore, he is deposing false against him. another suggestion that shiva was ill for two days and was bed ridden is also denied.p.w. 3 diwakar bharatkar has stated that there are 10 to 12 houses in between the house of accused no. 1 and his house. on the day of incident, he was proceedings to his field at 10 a.m. and when he was passing from the house of accused no. 1, he heard the cry of a boy aged about 10 years or so coming from the house of accused no. 1. he saw it from the gap of tatta (bamboo matting) in the house of accused no. 1. he saw that accused no. 1 ganesh and accused no. 2 were beating shiva. one was having a wire and the other was having a stick. in cross-examination, he has stated that accused nos. 1 and 2 were beating shiva in second room in which the work of preparation of confectionary items was going on. there was a small hole in the tatta (bamboo matting) from which he saw the incident.p.w. 4 mohammad sheikh deposed that he resides in rangaripura and his house is about 100 feet away from the house of accused no. 1. on the day of incident, at about 3 p.m. he was going to answer the nature's call and he saw that accused nos. 1 and 2 were beating a boy shiva in the house of accused no. 1. they were giving kick and fists blows to shiva. he also saw the incident through the hole of tatta. at about 6 p.m. he went to see the sawari and accused nos. 1 and 2 took shiva on m-80 two wheeler. there was gathering of people near the house of accused no. 1 and persons gathered there were saying that shiva died. he also went in the hospital. in cross-examination he stated that shiva was lying when he was beaten. the width of the hole was 2 inches and the distance was about 10 feet. he also denied the suggestion that shiva was ill.p.w. 5 is the interpreter. he rendered the service for recording the evidence of p.ws. 6 and 7.p.w. 6 is mukesh @ murgan devar. at the time of deposition, his age was 15 years. he was knowing tamil as well as hindi languages. his deposition was recorded in hindi. he was working with accused no. 1 ganesh at the time of incident. heworked with accused no. 1 for 2-3 years at wani. he was brought to wani by the elder brother of accused no. 1 arjun for work, from wadi patti (tamil nadu). besides him, muni andi, raja, raja (chhota) shiva's brother, kumar - accused no. 2 were working with accused no. 1. shiva and his brother raja (chhota) were brought to wani by accused no. 1 about 1 1/2 months prior to the incident. he deposed that accused no. 1 was extracting the work from workers from around 4 a.m. and he was forcing them to work and when some boy did not work properly, accused no. 1 used to punish him by causing burn injuries by iron rod and he was beating by stick, wire, pipe, cycle tube, rassi (rope) and accused no. 1 was not allowing the boys to go outside. on the day of incident, accused no. 1 woke all the boys at 4 a.m. shiva went for answering nature's call near a gutter. shiva did not return for 1 or 2 hours. then accused nos. 1 and 2 and muni andi went in search of shiva. accused no. 1 brought shiva by holding him at about 7 a.m. and he beat shiva and he told shiva that he was not doing the work and he would see him after the work was over. he stated that the work continued till 10 a.m. after the work was over, accused no. 1 gave a kick to shiva. shiva fell down. accused no. 1 then started beating shiva by means of stick, rassi (rope), wire, cycle tube. accused no. 2 put the hot iron rod on the entire body of shiva. shiva was crying loudly. accused no. 1 started tape- recorder and kept its volume high. accused no. 1 called muni andi and asked him to beat shiva. muni andi refused to beat shiva. then accused no. 1 gave a blow by means of stick on left leg of muni andi. muni andi sustained bleeding injury on his left leg. then muni andi gave a slap to shiva. accused no. 1 and 2 were beating shiva till about 5 or 6 p.m. while the beating was going on accused no. 3 kammu came in the house of accused no. 1 twice or thrice. he further stated that shiva answered nature's call in half pant at about 5 or 6 p.m. accused no. 1 got annoyed and brought a black wire. then he beat shiva by means of the said wire. he rounded it to the neck of shiva and lifted shiva with the help of the said wire and took shiva to bath room. in bathroom, accused no. 1 pushed shiva to wall, then called raju - brother of shiva and asked him to wash the body of shiva. shiva was unable to stand. accused no. 1 gave 3 or 4 blows by means of brick on head of shiva. raju (chhota) tried to give food to shiva, but he did not take food. he also could not drink water. he was moaning and was then silent. accused no. 1 then kept shiva on a gunny bag. he put his hand on abdomen of shiva and just moved the abdomen. accused no. 1 then told that shiva is dead. all the boys started weeping. accused no. 1 then said that they should remain quite and should not weep. the accused no. 1 left the premises saying that he would be coming shortly. accused no. 1 came along with accused no. 3. accused no. 3 then told that there should not be any frightening and that shiva was alive. accused no. 3 was not allowing the inmates to go out and outsider to come in. outside the house of accused no. 1, many persons had gathered. accused no. 2 then changed the clothes of shiva and accused nos. 1 and 2 took shiva to hospital on m-80 two wheeler. his statement was recorded at about 9 or 10 p.m. after the incident, he stayed in the house of accused no. 1 for 3 to 4 days and then he was taken to remand home. his statement was also recorded by judicial magistrate first class, want. he identified the stick, iron rod, black wire, rope, brick, pipe and also the clothes of shiva in court. in his cross-examination he has admitted that his age was 12 years at the time of incident. when he was brought from tamil nadu for work, the elder brother of accused no. 1 gave rs. 500/- to his mother. accused no. 1 was not giving him any salary. he has not been paid remuneration for 3 years inspite of his work. hedenied that shiva was ill since before 2 days of the incident. he admitted that accused no. 1 had beaten him for about 10 to 15 times during his working of three years. some omissions from his statement recorded by judicial magistrate, first class are brought on record; that shiva had gone to answer nature's call, accused no. 1 caused shiva to lie on a gunny bag, accused no. 3 was not allowing the inmates to go cut and outsiders to come in, accused no. 1 gave blows by means of bricks on the head of shiva, that they used to start work at 3 or 4 a.m., that accused no. 1 was forcibly taking work from them and accused no. 1 did not allow them to leave the house. he denied the suggestion that since four days one rupa kulkarni of nagpur was tutoring him at yavatmal. he also denied the police also tutored him. he admitted that he did not said before the police and magistrate that the accused no. 1 was beating with pipe and cycle tube. he also did not state before the magistrate that accused no. 1 started tape recorder and kept its volume high. accused no. 1 asked muni andi to beat shiva and muni andi sustained leg injury on his left leg. he also did not state that accused no. 1 beat shiva by means of wire. accused no. 1 asked raju (chhota) to wash the body of shiva and his clothes were changed. it is not stated before the police and magistrate that shiva was lifted by means of wire. similarly, that shiva was unable to stand and accused no. 1 told that shiva died.raja jairaj devar (p.w. 7) also given his age as 15 years at the time of deposition. he deposed in hindi language. he worked with accused no. 1 at the time of incident. he had stated that before 4/5 days prior to the incident, accused no. 1 ganesh caused burn injuries by means of bidi on his throat. he was referred to government hospital at wani. he narrated the entire incident in the similar fashion as p.w. 6 about the beating and torture to shiva. he has stated that accused no. 1 beat him several times. he denied that shiva was ill for few days. he did not state before the magistrate that accused no. 1 beat shiva by means of iron rod, stick, pipe, brick. he admitted to have stated before the magistrate portion marked 'b' that accused nos. 1 and 2 beat shiva, accused no. 1 put wire around the neck of shiva and lifted and took shiva to bathroom and beat shiva by hand. he did not state before the magistrate that accused no. 2 caused burn injuries to shiva by means of iron rod. number of omissions are taken out from his statement recorded under section 164 of code of criminal procedure. he did not state before the magistrate that accused no. 2 caused burn injuries by means of iron rod to shiva and then about asking muni andi by accused no. 1 to beat shiva and till about 5 to 6 p.m. beating continued; shiva answering nature's call in half pant, accused no. 1 asking raja (chhota) to wash the body of shiva; accused no. 1 putting shiva on a gunny bag; accused no. 1 putting his hand on the abdomen of shiva; calling him by name twice and accused no. 1 telling that shiva died. .he has admitted that 7/8 days prior to the deposition in court the yavatmal police brought him to yavatmal from tamil nadu. he, however denied that since then the police were tutoring him.p.w. 8 dr. moreshwar mahajan has performed the post mortem examination over the dead body of shiva. he also examined muni andi, raja jairaj and raja murgan. on the person of muni andi he found one injury bleeding wound (clotted) over the middle part of left leg on its front side of size 1' x 1/3' x 1/3'. he opined that the injury might have been caused by blunt object within 24 hours of his examination. on the person of p.w. 7 raja, he noticed the following injuries;'1. irregular healed scar of wound of size 1/2' to 3' to 1/3' rd x 1/2'. there were ten injuries of this nature on back. one healed scar left wrist of size 1' x 1/3'. 2. circular infected wound over the front of left size of neck of size 1/3' x 1/3'. 3. irregular wound of size 1/2' x 1/3' on right leg.'he gave his opinion that the injury no. 1 was possible by hard and blunt object and while injury nos. 2 and 3 were possible by hot object. in respect of age of injuries, he deposed that injury no. 1 might have been caused before 10 days of his examination and injury nos. 2 and 3 might have been caused within 3 to 4 days.on the person of raja murgan, he noticed two injuries, one multiple old healed scar all over the back of size ranging from 1/2' to 4' x 1/2' in zig zag manner and infected wounds of size 1/2' to 4' x 1/3rd' to 1/2' in zigzag manner, over back and upper both arms, abdomen, left ear. he has stated that injury no. 1 might have been caused by hard and blunt object before 10 to 15 days and injury no. 2 might have been caused by hot rod like object within 3 to 4 days of his examination. he proved his injury certificates ex. 89, 90 and 91 respectively.he found the following injuries on the dead body of shiva;'there were multiple wounds (injuries) all over the body in a zig zag manner of size ranging from 1/3' to 6' x 1/3' to 1/2' some of them were near about round, of size 1/3' to 1/2' some of them were healed and might be of 10 to 15 days before and some of them were recently occurred within 24 hours to 3 days. the most of the long size injuries had two parallel borders and intervening area of skin, was charred. the borders were brownish raised. some of the outstanding injuries were recently caused within 24 hours which were as follows : on back about 30 ranging from 1' to 1/3rd' to 6' x 1/2'. neck 3 ranging from 1 1/2' x 1/3 rd' to 11/2' x 1/2'. chest 11 ranging from 2' x1/2' both leg. left leg 2 ranging from 1' x 1/3'. right leg 1 ranging from 1 1/2' x 1/2'. right gluteal area - 2 ranging 1 1/2' x 1/2'left gluteal area one 1/2' x 1/2' thighs left-2' x 1' right. three 1 1/2 x 1/2'. both soles- two inches x 1/2' inch, dorsum of foot-1' x 1/2' (right) 3' x 1/2' left. left ear and nose 1/2' x 1/2' charred skin. upper lip-lacerated at centre 1/2' x 1/4' x 1/4' head-contusion on occipital area2' x 1/2' x 1/2' with bleeding abrasion.'he has stated that all the injuries were ante mortem. in his opinion, the cause of death was due to multiple injuries by hot rod like object. he proved the post mortem report ex. 87. the charred skin injuries are possible if any heated articles come in the contact with body. these injuries are also possible by the heated rod and except head injury all other injuries are possible due to heated rod. head injuries is possible due to hard and blunt object like brick. the articles seized from the spot were sent for his examination and opinion by letter of p.s.i. dated 23-7-1993 ex. no. 40. he opined that the injuries mentioned in column no. 17 of his post mortem report ex. 87 could be caused with the weapon mentioned in ex. 40 and death of deceased can be caused with the injuries mentioned in the post mortem report. he admitted in cross-examination that zigzag manner injuries cannot be caused by rod. he did not mention number of old injuries in column no. 17 of the post mortem report. he showed his ignorance about the classification of death viz. sometic, systematic and molecular. he admitted that in burning cases, the medical officer is required to give percentage ofburn and when confronted with the proposition given at page no. 184 of modi's medical jurisprudence and toxicology (20th edition) he agreed with the proposal that there is marked fluid loss resulting in shock when over 20% of the body is affected and usually over 50% is fatal.p.w. 9 anil ramchandra dhumanwar is a photographer. on 29-6-1992, he was given requisition by police station officer, wani asking him to take photographs on the next day morning. he visited government hospital, wani at 8 or 8.30 a.m. along-with police. dead body of shiva was lying on the table of the hospital. he took 9 snaps of the dead body from different angles. he was shown negatives and positives. the positives are as per negatives. the positives photos are at exs. 97 to 105. he has also taken 6 snaps of the scene of offence from different angles. positive photos are at exs. 106 to 111.p.w. 10 baban is a panch witness of scene of offence ex. 38. he states that shiva's brother raja showed the articles lying at the scene of offence. wire, stick, nylon rope, one cycle tube, one iron bar, one half pant, one manila, two gunny bags were lying. on gunny bags there were stains of blood. all those articles were seized as per panchanama ex. 114. similarly one full pant of muni andi was also seized vide ex. 115.liladhar ghate (p.w. 11) is also a panch witness. he states that on the dead body there were injuries. on 1-7-1993 at about 1.30 or 2 p.m. the accused no. 1 expressed his willingness to show the brick at his house. memorandum ex. 118 was prepared. accused no. 1 took him and other panch and police to his house and he produced a piece of brick from his house vide seizure panchanama ex. 119.dastgirkhan umarkhan mulla (p.w. 12) is judicial magistrate, first class, wani. on the orders of chief judicial magistrate, yavatmal, he recorded statements of the witnesses on 13-8-1993.motilal jadhao (p.w. 13) is the investigating officer. after registering the crime, he proceeded to rural hospital, wani. he recorded statements of witnesses including p.w. 2 sonu sahare, p.w. 4 mohd. sheikh sattar. thereafter he seized the clothes on the person of accused vide seizure panchanama ex. 123 and clothes of accused no. 2 vide ex. 122. next morning he prepared scene of offence panchanama (ex. 38) and as per his instructions anil (p.w. 9) took photographs of the scene of offence ex. 106 to 111. the instruments of assaults were seized as per panchanama ex. 114. blood stained pant of muni andi was seized ex. 115. then he prepared inquest panchanama ex. 117 and referred the body of shiva for post mortem. he recorded statements of p.w. 6 raja devar, p.w. 3 divakar bharatkar and arrested accused no. 3 kamruddin. on 1-7-1993 on the memorandum of accused no. 1 ex. 118, he seized piece of brick as per seizure panchanama ex. 119. on 2-7-1993, he received the post mortem report ex. 87. on 26-7-1993, he sent property to chemical analyser vide forwarding letter ex. 65. he requested judicial magistrate, first class to record the statements of witnesses under section 164 of code of criminal procedure. on 23-7-1993 he made a query ex. 30 to medical officer (p.w. 8) dr. moreshwar mahajan and he received the opinion of dr. mahajan ex, 88. he has stated that on three sides of house of accused no. 1 there was open side. on front side there is pakka wall and to three sides there were tatta (bamboo matting). from outside, inside things were visible from three portions. on 30-7-1993 he sent two empty gunny bags to c.a. and on 30-8-1993 he submitted charge. he admitted in cross-examination that due to moharrum, police were given patrolling duty at wani on 29-6-1993 and no policeperson reported about the incident to police station during whole day. chemical analyser's reports are at ex. 131 and 132. c.a. reports show that on the cut jerky of deceased shiva, manila of accused no. 2 and on full pant of muni andi, human blood was found and on manila, and full pant of muni andi, blood group 'a' was detected. the blood group of muni andi is of group 'a'. in viscera no recognizable poison was detected.7. the learned counsel appearing for the accused have not seriously challenged the evidence of pw. 1 ganpat, p.w. 2 sonu, p.w. 3 diwakar and p.w. 4 mohammad sheikh. in cross-examination, it was suggested to these witnesses that they could not witness the incident of beating from the hole of tatta. there was bamboo matting on three sides-eastern, northern and southern of room no. 2. on western side, there is wall of 4 feet high and above that bamboo matting. there were bamboo mattings to the house of accused no. 1 at the time of incident is established. witnesses p.ws. 2, 3 and 4 are the residents of the same rangari mohalla ward no. 28. they have no animus against the accused, and nothing is elicited in cross-examination of these witnesses to discredit their testimony.8. as regards the evidence of p.ws. 6 and 7 the contention of the learned counsel for the accused is that they are not at all worthy witnesses and they are tutored and as accused no. 1 was beating them and forcing them to work, they are speaking falsely against the accused. the learned counsel for accused no. 2 has submitted that there are number of omissions amounting to contradictions taken out on record in respect of their statements recorded under section 164 of code of criminal procedure by the judicial magistrate, first class. it is submitted that the statement recorded under section 164 can be used for corroboration and for contradiction. it is an admitted position that p.ws. 6 and 7 were residing with accused no. 1 in his house. at the time of incident, they were 12 years old. although these witnesses have narrated the incident in detail about the torture and beatings to shiva by the accused nos. 1 and 2, they have stated in examination in-chief that shiva passed excreta in his half pant and after the beating was over, he was placed on a gunny bag and he succumbed to the injuries. the statement of p.w. 6 under section 161 of code of criminal procedure is recorded by police on 29-6-1993 and the statement of p.w. 7 is recorded on the next day morning. they were produced before the judicial magistrate, first class for recording their statements after about 1 1/2 months. in cross-examination of these witnesses only insignificant omissions are taken out in respect of the police statements and there are number of omissions in 164 statements. in the deposition of p.w. 7 raja, he did not state that accused no. 2 caused burn injury by means of iron rod to shiva. no such omission is taken out from his 161 criminal procedure code statement. therefore, no significance can be attached to this omission. there is no such omission in the deposition of p.w. 6 mukesh @ murgan. the statements of these two witnesses are recorded by judicial magistrate on the same day. the eye-witness account of these two witnesses p.ws. 6 and 7 cannot be doubted as their presence is admitted and they have also no animus against the accused. their evidence is natural. their evidence also finds corroboration from the medical evidence of p.w. 8 about the injuries and passing excreta and also from the spot panchanama ex. 38. the learned counsel for the accused have also not seriously challenged the evidence of p.ws. 6 and 7 about the beating by accused nos. 1 and 2. therefore, from the evidence of p.ws. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7, it is proved beyonddoubt that shiva was beaten and tortured by accused nos. 1 and 2. the faint attempt is being made that p.ws. 6 and 7 are child witnesses and they were tutored by police and by another lady. these two witnesses have denied that they were tutored. therefore there is no merit in this submission.9. the most important piece of evidence is the post mortem report ex. 87. p.w. 8 dr. moreshwar mahajan who was working as medical officer, rural hospital, wani on 30-6-1993 and who has performed the autopsy on the dead body of shiva. while describing the nature of external injuries on the dead body of shiva he described the multiple wounds (injuries) in zig zag manner. in cross-examination he admitted that zig zag manner injuries cannot be caused by rod. there are number of injuries on the back about 30, neck three, chest-eleven, both legs, left leg-2, right leg-1 and all other parts of body. there was laceration in upper lip. there was contusion on occipital area 2' x 1/2' x 1/2' with bleeding abrasion. on internal examination p.w. 8 has noticed the contusion under the scalp on occipital 2' x 1/2' x 1/2' with bleeding abrasion, in column no. 19 of post mortem report. heart and vessels were empty. foecal matter was present in large intestine. bladder was empty. the injuries on the dead body are clearly visible in the photographs which are proved on record. the photographs show that at one and the same place there are many multiple injuries of different dimensions and sizes, and therefore, p.w. 8 has described these injuries as in a zig zag manner. the admission of rw. 8 in cross-examination that zig zag manner injuries cannot be caused by rod is not of any assistance to accused,. in his evidence p.w. 8 has stated that some of the injuries found on the dead body were of 10 to 15 days old, because they were healed and duration of some injuries are given as 24 hours to 3 days. the recent injuries which were mostly of the long size injuries had two parallel borders and intervening area of skin was charred. the borders were brownish raised and he has described these injuries in column no. 17 of post mortem report ex. 87. we have inspected the rod and other articles. the long size injuries as described by p.w. 8 on the dead-body can certainly be caused by the iron rod. accordingly to p.w. 8 charred skin injuries are possible if any heated article come into contact with the body and head injury was possible due to hard and blunt object such as brick also. he gave his opinion about the cause of death due to multiple injuries by hot rod like object. in his post mortem report ex. 87 he has described one internal injury under the scalp contusion with bleeding abrasion. in his evidence, he has not stated which single injury was fatal or which injuries were sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. neither the public prosecutor conducting the case, nor the learned trial judge has taken proper care to elicit his opinion on this important aspect. also about his admission in cross-examination that zig zag manner injuries cannot be caused by rod, he should have been asked about the clarification. the learned counsel for accused no. 2 has submitted that the burns described by p.w. 8 on the dead body are superficial burns and no percentage of burns is given and no vital organ of the body was damaged. according to him, the post mortem examination is most perfunctory and death cannot be linked to the injuries. this is not a case of complete burning by setting the person ablaze. the burns are caused due to heated substance like rod, though we find one contusion on occipital area under the scalp in column no. 19. the evidence of doctor is on par with any other witness, though he is expert witness. his opinion is not binding on court. the court has to form the opinion from the material and evidence produced before it. therefore, the omission on the part of p.w. 8 instating his opinion about the fatal injuries or which injuries were sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death does not affect the prosecution case. from the eye-witness account and from the evidence of p.w. 8 innumerable injuries were caused to deceased. the torture lasted for a considerable period of time. the pain and agony of the injuries were so instance that deceased passed excreta in his half pant. this shows that the deceased could not bear the pain caused by the injuries, and therefore, immediately he collapsed and died on spot. there is no other cause except these injuries and he died after the receipt of injuries. therefore, the death of shiva is certainly the result of the injuries by shock, and therefore, although the doctor p.w. 8 has not stated that the injuries were sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death, still we find that the injuries were sufficient because after the receipt of the injuries shiva died within a short span of time.10. this takes us to another submission of the learned counsel for the accused that there was no intention on the part of the accused nos. 1 and 2 to kill shiva. it is true that there was no intention on the part of accused nos. 1 and 2 to kill shiva. as shiva did not return from answering nature's call for an hour or two, accused nos. 1 and 2 along with muni andi went to search him and when he was traced and brought to the house of accused no. 1, he worked till 10 a.m. and thereafter the actual assault of beating and torture started. had it been the intention of the accused nos. 1 and 2 to kill shiva, they would not have given such prolong beating and torture. initially this beating was with a view to teach shiva lesson or to punish him. but gradually when assault after assault, beating and giving burns by heated substance like iron rod without any mercy on a very tender boy was committed, knowledge can be attributed to accused nos. 1 and 2 that by their acts, death of shiva was certain. the learned counsel for accused no. 2 has placed reliance on laxman kalu v. state of maharashtra, : 1968crilj1647 . this is a case of single injury. the learned counsel for accused no. 2 also relied on the decisions reported in chuttan v. state of m.p., : 1994crilj2097 madan gopal kakkad v. naval dubey & another, : [1992]2scr921 injuries by sticks and those are on non-vital part, and therefore, offence came under section 304 part ii of indian penal code. dalip singh v. state of haryana, a.i.r. 1993 s.c. 2119 similarly under section 304 part ii. in this case, as already observed, there are multiple injuries on vital parts of the body. every injury by heated rod results in acute pain and agony, and therefore, a little boy of 10 years, must be terror stricken by the violence caused by accused nos. 1 and 2. in state of a.p. v. r. punnayya, : 1977crilj1 the apex court has given guidelines when offence falls under section 300 or when under section 299 when the court is confronted with this question. in this case, injuries were caused by stick on non-vital part of the body, leg and arms. in para 14 of the judgment, it is held as under ;'clause (b) of section 299 corresponds with cls. (2) and (3) of section 300. the distinguishing feature of the mens rea requisite under clause (2) is the knowledge possessed by the offender regarding the particular victim being in such a peculiar condition or state of health that the intentional harm caused to him is likely to be fatal, notwithstanding the fact that such harm would not in the ordinary way of nature be sufficient to cause death of a person in normal health or condition. it is noteworthy that the 'intention to cause death' is not an essential requirement of clause (2). only theintention of causing the bodily injury coupled with the offender's knowledge of the likelihood of such injury causing the death of the particular victim, is sufficient to bring the killing within the ambit of this clause. this aspect of clause (2) is borne out by illustration (b) appended to section 300.'in para 16, it is observed as follows ;'in clause (3) of section 300, instead of the words 'likely to cause death' occurring in the corresponding clause (b) of section 299, the words 'sufficient in the ordinary course of nature' have been used. obviously, the distinction lies between a bodily injury likely to cause death and a bodily injury sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. the distinction is fine but real, and, if overlooked, may result in miscarriage of justice. the difference between clause (b) of section 299 and clause (3) of section 300 is one of the degree of probability of death resulting from the intended bodily injury. to put it more broadly, it is the degree of probability of death which determines whether a culpable homicide is of the gravest, medium or the lowest degree. the word 'likely' in clause (b) of section 299 conveys the sense of 'probable' as distinguished from a mere possibility. the words 'bodily injury..... sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death' mean that death will be the 'most probable* result of the injury, having regard to the ordinary course of nature.'in para 39, it is held as under :'.... just as in anda's case, here also, the aim of the assailants was to smash the arms and legs of the deceased, and they succeeded in that design, causing no less than 19 injuries, including fractures of most of the bones of the legs and the arms. while in anda's case, the sticks used by the assailants were not specially dangerous, in the instant case they were unusually heavy, lethal weapons. all these acts of the accused were preplanned and intentional, which, considered objectively in the light of the medical evidence, were sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. the mere fact that the beating was designedly confined by the assailants to the legs and arms or that none of the multiple injuries inflicted was individually sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death, will not exclude the application of clause 3rdly of section 300. the expression 'bodily injury' in clause 3rdly includes also its plural, so that the clause would cover a case where all the injuries intentionally caused by the accused are cumulatively sufficient to cause the death in the ordinary course of nature, even if none of those injuries individually measures upto such sufficiency.'11. shri hardas has submitted that this case is distinct from the present case and he referred to para 35 where dr. sarojini, p.w. 12's evidence is considered. dr. sarojini had conducted post mortem examination of the dead body of the deceased. she had dissected the body and examined the injuries to the internal organs. she was therefore the best, informed expert who could opine with authority as to the cause of the death and as to the sufficiency or otherwise of the injuries from which the death ensued. dr. sarojini's evidence on this point stood on a better footing than that of the doctors who had externally examined the deceased in his lifetime. despite thisposition, the high court has not specifically considered the evidence of dr. sarojini with regard to the sufficiency of the injuries to cause death in the ordinary course of nature. there is no reason why dr. sarojini's evidence with regard to the second element of clause (3) of section 300 be not accepted. dr. sarojini's evidence satisfactorily establishes the presence of the second element of this clause. the submission of the learned counsel shri hardas is that the second element of clause 3rdly is not proved in this case as the medical evidence of p.w. 8 does not speak about the sufficiency in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. it is true that p.w. 8 has not stated in his evidence about the injuries being sufficient, but as observed earlier, as shiva died due to the injuries on the same day, the cumulative effect of all the injuries is that the injuries were sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. even according to modi's medical jurisprudence and toxicology in chapter ix page 231,'injuries from burns, scalds, lightening and electricity burns and scalds ................... effects of burns - 4. the site.- extensive burns of the trunk, even though superficial, are much more dangerous than those of the extremities.... a. immediate causes of death : 1. shock.--..... shock may also occur from fright before the individual isaffected by burns, if his heart is weak or diseased.'in this case, shiva was a young boy of 10 years, weak. we are, therefore satisfied that accused nos. 1 and 2 in furtherence of their common intention have committed the murder of shiva and they are guilty of section 302 of indian penal code, we have gone through the reasonings given by the trial court and we generally agree with the reasonings and findings of conviction.12. coming to the sentence part, the learned trial judge has awarded the death sentence to accused no. 1, though he is found guilty for the offence punishable under section 302 read with section 34 of indian penal code. the other accused no. 2 is sentenced to r.i. for life, as he acted and caused injuries to shiva on the say of accused no. 1. in paragraph 96, the trial judge has observed as under :'p.w. no. 8 dr. mahajan had shown the injuries on the dead body of shiva in col. no. 17. taking into consideration inquest panchanama, post-mortem notes, the photos, it is thus clear that there was no end for brutality, and the way in which the small boy was done to death. there must be preplan in the mind of the accused no. 1 to commit murder of the boy viz. shiva since accused no. 1 continued torture on the boy till his death. the conduct on the part of the accused no. 1 was of callous nature and that must be branded as diabolic.'in para, 39, the trial court held as under ; 'it is needless to say that the degree of cruelty was very much high. there was nomercy with the accused no. 1 which was very much exhibited by his conduct.'in para 98 he has referred to the incident of causing burn injuries on throat of p.w.7 raja by burning bidi. he observed that, was the antecedent of accused no. 1. hemust be condemned to death and no leniency should be shown to accused no. 1.13. shri wankhede has submitted that the trial judge has adopted a wrong approach. the sole motive was to give punishment to shiva only to extract work and as accused no. 1 was running the eatable shop and he used to sale eatables daily in time to customers, he had to extract work from the boys. according to him, !he accused no. 1 is a young person aged about 25 years and if allowed to live, he would not be a menace to the society. on the other hand, shri deshpande, has submitted that the deceased was ;(i) a tender age boy of 10 years; (ii) his movements were confined; (iii) his liberty was curtailed; (iv) cruel and brutal murder; and (v) there would be an adverse impact on society on the manner in which the acts are done.14. in bachan singh v. state of punjab, : 1980crilj636 in para 200 of the judgment, the supreme court have quoted or. chitale who has suggested the following 'aggravating circumstances' :'aggravating circumstances : a court may, however, in the following cases impose the penalty of death in its discretion : (a) if the murder has been committed after previous planning and involves extreme brutality; or (b) if the murder involves exceptional depravity; or (c) ............ (d) if the murder is of a person who had acted in the lawful discharge of his duty under section 43 of the code of criminal procedure, 1973, or who had rendered assistance to a magistrate or a police officer demanding his aid or requiring his assistance under section 37 and section 129 of the said code.'in para 201 it is stated that they would prefer not to fetter judicial discretion by attempting to make an exhaustive enumeration one way or the other. in para 204 dr. chitaley's mitigating circumstances are given;'in the exercise of its discretion in the above cases, the court shall take into account the following circumstances :-- (1) that the offence was committed under the influence of extreme mental or emotional disturbance. (2) the age of the accused. if the accused is young or old, he shall not be sentenced to death. (3) the probability that the accused would not commit criminal acts of violence as would constitute a continuing threat to society. (4) the probability that the accused can be reformed and rehabilitated. the state shall by evidence prove that the accused does not satisfy the conditions 3 and 4 above. (5) that in the facts and circumstances of the case the accused believed that he was morally justified in committing the offence. (6) that the accused acted under the duress or domination of another person. (7) that the condition of the accused showed that he was mentally defective and that the said defect impaired his capacity to appreciate the criminality of his conduct.'in macchi singh v. state of punjab, : 1983crilj1457 , the apex court has given illustrative cases as to when it can be said that the case is of the rarest of the rare type which would warrant infliction of the extreme punishment of death. in para 34 it is stated that;'in order to apply these guidelines inter alia the following questions may be asked and answered : (a) is there something uncommon about the crime which renders sentence of imprisonment for life inadequate and calls for a death sentence? (b) are the circumstances of the crime such that there is no alternative but to impose death sentence even after according maximum weightage to the mitigating circumstances which speak in favour of the offender?'and in para 35, it is held;'if upon taking an overall global view of all the circumstances in the light of the aforesaid proposition and taking into account the answers to the questions posed hereinabove, the circumstances of the case are such that death sentence is warranted, the court would proceed to do so.'after recording a finding of conviction before awarding death sentence, the trial court has to consider the aggravating circumstances and mitigating circumstances. the trial judge has not considered this aspect of the case and he has not given proper opportunity to accused no. 1 and for prosecution.in allauddin mian v. state of bihar, head note (d) reads as under;'criminal p.c. (1974), section 235(2) - penal code 1860, section 302 - sentencing - murder - procedure to be followed - provision for giving of opportunity to accused - mandatory - trial court after recording conviction should adjourn matter -call upon prosecution and defence to place relevant material bearing on question ot sentence before pronouncing sentence.'15. the trial judge has delivered his judgment on 21-12-1995 and awarded the sentence on the same day, as the learned a.p.p. as well as the learned counsel for accused submitted that they did not want to place relevant material bearing on the question of sentence before pronouncement of sentence. however, before recess he adjourned the matter for hearing the accused again and for hearing submissions of both sides and also for making up mind of the court and after recess the sentence is awarded. in para 10 of allauddin mian's case (cited supra), it is observed :'the sentencing court must approach the question seriously and must endeavour to see that all the relevant facts and circumstance bearing on the question of sentence are brought on record. only after giving due weight to the mitigating as well as the aggravating circumstances placed before it, it must pronounce the sentence. we think as a general rule the trial courts should after recording the conviction adjourn the matter to a future date and call upon both the prosecution as well as the defence to place the relevant material bearing on the question of sentence before it and thereafter pronounce the sentence to be imposed on the offender.'16. shri wankhede, the learned counsel for accused no. 1 is, therefore, right to say that the trial judge has adopted a wrong approach in sentencing accused no. 1. the accused no. 1 is 25 years old and the evidence shows that the burn injuriesto shiva are caused by accused no. 2, may be under the direction of accused no. 1 and the intention of the accused was to punish shiva. the mitigating circumstances in this case are;1. the age of accused, young person of aged about 25 years; 2. the probability that the accused would not commit criminal acts of violence as would constitute a continuing threat to society. 3. the probability that the accused can be reformed and rehabilitated. the state shall by evidence prove that the accused does not satisfy the conditions 3 and 4 above.after considering the aggravating and mitigating circumstances of this case, we think that the mitigating circumstances outweigh the aggravating circumstances and therefore we do not accept the death reference.17. as regards the conviction of accused nos. 1 and 2 for the offence punishable under section 4(2)(b) read with sections 16 and 20 of bonded labour system (abolition) act, 1976 recorded by the trial judge, we find from the material and evidence on record that no case is made out under this act. there is no evidence. only in the cross-examination of p.ws. 6 and 7 because of admission of p.ws. 6 and 7 that the accused have given certain amount as balance to the relatives of p.ws. 6 and 7, the learned trial judge recorded this finding of conviction. prosecution has not brought any evidence for proving the charge. therefore, the conviction recorded by the trial judge on that count cannot be sustained.18. as regards the conviction of accused no. 1 for the offence under section 324 for causing burn injuries to p.w. 7 raja, there is evidence of p.ws. 6 and 7 and dr. moreshwar mahajan (p.w. 8). therefore, the conviction is sustainable.19. in the result, the death reference is answered in the negative. the appeals of accused nos. 1 and 2 are partly allowed. the accused nos. 1 and 2 are acquitted for the offences under section 4(2)(b) punishable under sections 16 and 20 of bonded labour (abolition) act, 1976 and their conviction and sentence for the said offences are set aside.the conviction of appellant no. 1 ganesh s/o raju rajput for the offence punishable under section 302 read with section 34 of indian penal code is maintained, but the sentence of death is converted into rigorous imprisonment for life. the conviction and sentence of accused no. 1 for the offence punishable under section 324 of indian penal code are maintained. both the sentences are to run concurrently.the conviction and sentence of accused no. 2 kumar mondar for the offence punishable under section 302 read with section 34 of indian penal code are maintained.20. appeal allowed partly.

Judgment:
ORDER

M.B. Ghodeswar, J.

1. The Additional Sessions Judge, Yavatmal by his judgment and order dated 21-12-1995 in Sessions Trial No. 240/93 has convicted accused No. 1 Ganesh Raju Rajput and accused No.2 Kumar N. Parraman Mondar for the offence punishable under section 302 read with section 34 of Indian Penal Code and had sentenced accused No. 1 Ganesh to death and accused No. 2 Kumar to suffer imprisonment for life. The accused No. 1 is also convicted for the offence under section 4(2)(b) punishable under section 16 and accused No. 2 for the offence under section 4(2)(b) punishable under section 20 of Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976 and sentenced to suffer 3 months simple imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs. 1,000/- in default to suffer further three months simple imprisonment. The accused No. 1 Ganesh is also convicted for the offence punishable under section 324 of Indian Penal Code and sentenced to suffer three months. R.I. The learned trial Judge has sent this reference to this Court under section 366 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 for confirmation. Accused No. 1 Ganesh has preferred Criminal Appeal No. 26/96 and accused No. 2 Kumar has filed Criminal Appeal No. 74/96 against their conviction and sentence. All these three cases are heard together and are being disposed of by the common judgment and order.

2. The facts in brief of the prosecution case Kumar are original residents of Tamil Nadu State. Accused No. 1 Ganesh has a house in Ward No. 20, Rangaripura at Wani district Yavatmal. He was running a confectionary business and used to prepare eatables like Maida Kandi, Samosa, Gulab Jamun etc. and used to sell the eatables in surrounding villages of Wani. For running his business, he has brought some 5/6 young boys aged about 10 to 15 years from Tamil Nadu for doing the work. His work of preparing eatables started every morning. Young boys were residing in his house and he used to wake the boys at about 4 or 5 A.M. for work. Accused No. 2 who is of the same age of accused No. 1 was also working with accused No. 1.

The incident in this case occurred on 29-6-1993 in the house of accused No. 1 Ganesh. One boy Shiva Murgan, aged about 10 to 12 years had gone to answer nature's call outside the house of accused No. 1 and did not return immediately. Therefore, accused Nos. 1 and 2 and one boy Muni Andi went in search of Shiva and they brought him to the house of accused No. 1 at about 7 A.M. Accused No. 1 got annoyed on the behaviour of Shiva. He asked Shiva to start work and threatened him that he would see him after the work was over. All boys worked till 10 A.M. After finishing the work, Accused No. 1 gave a kick to Shiva and he fell down and thereafter started besting and fortune to Shiva by kicks and fists, electric wire, plastic pipe, Nylon rope and cycle tube. This torture continued till evening till the death of Shiva in the house of accused No. 1. In this beating and torture, along with accused No. 1, accused No. 2 was also involved and he is alleged to have given burns to Shiva by heated iron rod. During this period, Shiva passed excreta in his half pant. It is alleged that accused No. 1 lifted Shiva by cable and took him to the adjoining bath room where the younger brother of Shiva - Raja (Chhota) was asked to wash the body of Shiva which he did in the bath room. So also, accused No. 1 pushed Shiva against the wall and further gave blows by means of brick piece on his head. Shiva was brought outside by Raja (Chhota) and put on gunny bag spread on the floor. In the meanwhile, another accused No. 3 Kammu @ Kamruddin, original accused No. 3 also came to the house of accused No. 1. Shiva was not making any movement, accused No. 1 pressed his abdomen once or twice, gave call to Shiva by his name, but Shiva did not respond. Accused No. 1 said that Shiva died. The children started weeping. Accused No. 3 Kammu was again called by accused No. 1 who examined Shiva and said that Shiva is sick, he is still alive and he should be taken to hospital. Thereafter, Accused No. 1 and 2 took Shiva on M-80 two wheeler moped to Rural Hospital at Wani. The doctor Moreshwar Mahajan (P.W. 8) declared Shiva dead. The body of Shiva was lying on a bench in the hospital.

P.W. 2 Sonu whose house is adjacent to the house of accused No. 1, in the morning heard the cries and screams of a body coming from the house of accused No. 1 and while going to work at about 9 A.M. he saw beating to Shiva by accused through the hole of Bamboo matting. P.W. 3 Diwakar Bharatkar also witnessed the incident of beating to Shiva by wire and stick at about 10 A.M. and P.W. 4 Mohammad Sheikh has also witnessed the beating by kick and fists blows at 3 P.M. After returning from work Sonu (P.W. 2) had gone to see the Sawari (Moharrum festival) and at that time noticed the accused Nos. 1 and 2 taking Shiva on the two wheeler. He immediately informed his brother P.W. 1 Ganpat Sahare who was the Municipal Councillor from Ward No. 28 of Wani. P.Ws. 1, 2, 3 and 4 and others had gone to Rural Hospital. Body of Shiva was lying on a Bench. They noticed the injuries all over the body of Shiva. P.W. 1 thereafter went in Police Station, Wani and lodged his oral report Ex. 32. The Police immediately went on spot, drew spot panchanama, seized various articles including wire, iron rod etc. found on the spot. Next day early in the morning, police took P.W. 9 Anil Photographer to the hospital and he took various snaps of the dead body and the scene of offence and the articles tying there. The inquest over the dead body of Shiva was held. Dead Body was sent for post mortem examination. The accused Nos. 1 and 2 were arrested immediately. The blood stained clothes of the accused were seized. The statements of the inmates of the house of accused No. 1 including P.W. 6 Mukesh alias Murgan Devar and P.W. 7 Raja Devar were recorded. Accused No. 1 expressed his desire to show the brickpiece. The statement of accused No. 1 was recorded in presence of panchas (Ex. 118). Accused No. 1, took police and panchas to his house and showed the brick piece. It was seized as per seizure memo Ex. 119. After completion of necessary investigation, the charge-sheet was submitted in the Court of Judicial Magistrate, First Class, Wani. During the trial, the learned trial Judge has framed the charge against accused Nos. 1 to 3 for the offence punishable under section 302 of Indian Penal Code simplicitor, under sections 302, 34 and/or 302/ 109, 201 read with section 34, and under sections 323 and 324 of Indian Penal Code and under section 4(2)(b) read with section 16 of the Bonded Labour System(Abolition) Act, 1976 against accused No. 1, and under section 4(2)(b) punishable under section 20 of Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, against accused Nos. 2 and 3. To the charge, the accused pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried.

3. The prosecution has examined in all 13 witnesses including five eye-witnesses .Sonu Sahare (P.W. 2), Diwakar Bharatkar (P.W. 3), Mohd. Sheikh s/o Sattar (P.W. 4,) Mukesh Devar (P.W. 6) and Raja Devar (P.W. 7), Dr. Moreshwar Mahajan (P.W. 8) who performed post mortem examination, Anil -photographer (P.W. 9), Baban Samarth (P.W. 10), Liladhar Ghate panchas (P.W. 11) and Dastgirkhan Mulla (P.W. 12), Judicial Magistrate First Class, Wani who has recorded 161 Criminal Procedure Code statements of P.Ws. 6 and 7. Motilal Jadhav (P.W. 13) is the Investigating Officer. The defence of the accused is of total denial. However, it is suggested to some of the eye-witnesses that Shiva was ill for 2 days before the incident which is denied by the witnesses. In the statement recorded under section 313 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the accused Nos. 1 and 2 have admitted their presence in the house of accused No. 1 at time of incident. In answer to question No. 226 (Do you want to say anything more ?), accused No. 1 answered that he would be filing his written say. Similarly to question No. 143, accused No. 2 also answered that he would be filing written say, but accused Nos. 1 and 2 did not file the written say on record and the learned trial Judge has made a note to that effect.

4. The learned trial Judge has believed the prosecution case. He has held that Shiva died a homicidal death on the basis of the evidence of eye-witnesses and P.W. 8 Dr. Moreshwar Mahajan and further that Shiva died due to the beating and torture at the hands of accused Nos. 1 and 2 and recorded a finding of conviction and though accused No. 1 is acquitted of simplicitor charge for murder, both the accused Nos. 1 and 2 are held guilty for the offence punishable under section 302 read with section 34 Indian Penal Code.

5. We have heard the learned Appointed Counsel Shri B.S. Wankhede for accused No. 1, Shri P.V. Hardas learned Counsel for accused No. 2 and the learned 'A' Panel Counsel Shri Deshpande for the State. Shri Wankhede has fairly conceded that accused No. 1 being annoyed with the behaviour of Shiva for avoiding work, gave some slaps or beating to Shiva in order to correct him. There was no intention on the part of accused No. 1 to kill Shiva and Shiva died due to the acts of accused No. 2 for which accused No. 1 cannot be held liable. According to him, offence against accused No. 1 would be at the most under section 304 Part II of Indian Penal Code because of applicability of section 34 of Indian Penal Code.

The learned Counsel for accused No. 2 Shri Hardas has submitted that there was no intention on the part of accused No. 2 to kill Shiva. At the most from the circumstances of the case, beating was done with intention to teach a lesson to Shiva to chastise him, and therefore, the offence under section 302 read with section 34 of Indian Penal Code is not attracted. Shri Deshpande has supported the judgment and order of the trial Court and submitted that a very crucial and inhuman treatment is meted out to Shiva - a very young boy of tender age and the accused did not show any repentance for their acts and accused No. 1 if allowed to live will commit such type of offences again, and therefore, extreme punishment of death be confirmed.

6. To appreciate the contentions raised by the learned Counsel it is necessary to see the evidence recorded in this case, P.W. 1 Ganpat Sahare On learning about theincident from his brother P.W. 2 Sonu about the beating and torture to Shiva went to Rural Hospital, Wani. He found Shiva dead. There were number of injuries on his body. He went to Police Station, Wani and lodged his oral report Ex. 32. P.W. 2 Sonu s/o Tulsiram Sahare has deposed that his house at Rangaripura, ward No. 28 at Wani is adjacent to the house of accused No. 1 Ganesh. Accused No. 2 Kumar was residing in the house of accused No. 1 and accused No. 1 was residing in the said house since about 5 to 6 years. He was preparing confectionery items such as biscuits, chocolates etc. in his house and some 4/5 boys were working with accused No. 1. On the day of incident the accused No. 1 started beating Shiva a boy since 7 A.M. He left his house for work at about 9 or 10 A.M. and when he was leaving his house, he saw that accused No 1 Ganesh was beating Shiva in his house. He returned to his house at 7 P.M., took dinner and then went to see Sawari near his house. At that time, he saw that accused No. 1 Ganesh was taking Shiva on his shoulder to the hospital. The accused Nos. 1 and 2 went on M-80 two wheeler. Then, he went to the house of his brother P.W. 1 Ganpat and informed him about the incident. He also went in the hospital and saw the dead body of Shiva. He stated that there were bleeding injuries on the dead body of Shiva. Accused No. 1 was also called by name Raju Rajput. He admitted in cross-examination that he did not see any incident at 9 A.M. He denied the suggestion that the accused Nos. 1 and 2 did not give votes for his brother P.W. 1 Ganpat, and therefore, he is deposing false against him. Another suggestion that Shiva was ill for two days and was bed ridden is also denied.

P.W. 3 Diwakar Bharatkar has stated that there are 10 to 12 houses in between the house of accused No. 1 and his house. On the day of incident, he was proceedings to his field at 10 A.M. and when he was passing from the house of accused No. 1, he heard the cry of a boy aged about 10 years or so coming from the house of accused No. 1. He saw it from the gap of Tatta (bamboo matting) in the house of accused No. 1. He saw that accused No. 1 Ganesh and accused No. 2 were beating Shiva. One was having a wire and the other was having a stick. In cross-examination, he has stated that accused Nos. 1 and 2 were beating Shiva in second room in which the work of preparation of confectionary items was going on. There was a small hole in the Tatta (bamboo matting) from which he saw the incident.

P.W. 4 Mohammad Sheikh deposed that he resides in Rangaripura and his house is about 100 feet away from the house of accused No. 1. On the day of incident, at about 3 P.M. he was going to answer the nature's call and he saw that accused Nos. 1 and 2 were beating a boy Shiva in the house of accused No. 1. They were giving kick and fists blows to Shiva. He also saw the incident through the hole of Tatta. At about 6 P.M. he went to see the Sawari and accused Nos. 1 and 2 took Shiva on M-80 two wheeler. There was gathering of people near the house of accused No. 1 and persons gathered there were saying that Shiva died. He also went in the hospital. In cross-examination he stated that Shiva was lying when he was beaten. The width of the hole was 2 inches and the distance was about 10 feet. He also denied the suggestion that Shiva was ill.

P.W. 5 is the interpreter. He rendered the service for recording the evidence of P.Ws. 6 and 7.

P.W. 6 is Mukesh @ Murgan Devar. At the time of deposition, his age was 15 years. He was knowing Tamil as well as Hindi languages. His deposition was recorded in Hindi. He was working with accused No. 1 Ganesh at the time of incident. Heworked with accused No. 1 for 2-3 years at Wani. He was brought to Wani by the elder brother of accused No. 1 Arjun for work, from Wadi Patti (Tamil Nadu). Besides him, Muni Andi, Raja, Raja (Chhota) Shiva's brother, Kumar - accused No. 2 were working with accused No. 1. Shiva and his brother Raja (Chhota) were brought to Wani by accused No. 1 about 1 1/2 months prior to the incident. He deposed that accused No. 1 was extracting the work from workers from around 4 a.m. and he was forcing them to work and when some boy did not work properly, accused No. 1 used to punish him by causing burn injuries by iron rod and he was beating by stick, wire, pipe, cycle tube, Rassi (rope) and accused No. 1 was not allowing the boys to go outside. On the day of incident, accused No. 1 woke all the boys at 4 a.m. Shiva went for answering nature's call near a gutter. Shiva did not return for 1 or 2 hours. Then accused Nos. 1 and 2 and Muni Andi went in search of Shiva. Accused No. 1 brought Shiva by holding him at about 7 a.m. and he beat Shiva and he told Shiva that he was not doing the work and he would see him after the work was over. He stated that the work continued till 10 a.m. After the work was over, accused No. 1 gave a kick to Shiva. Shiva fell down. Accused No. 1 then started beating Shiva by means of stick, Rassi (rope), wire, cycle tube. Accused No. 2 put the hot iron rod on the entire body of Shiva. Shiva was crying loudly. Accused No. 1 started Tape- recorder and kept its volume high. Accused No. 1 called Muni Andi and asked him to beat Shiva. Muni Andi refused to beat Shiva. Then accused No. 1 gave a blow by means of stick on left leg of Muni Andi. Muni Andi sustained bleeding injury on his left leg. Then Muni Andi gave a slap to Shiva. Accused No. 1 and 2 were beating Shiva till about 5 or 6 P.M. While the beating was going on accused No. 3 Kammu came in the house of accused No. 1 twice or thrice. He further stated that Shiva answered nature's call in half pant at about 5 or 6 p.m. Accused No. 1 got annoyed and brought a black wire. Then he beat Shiva by means of the said wire. He rounded it to the neck of Shiva and lifted Shiva with the help of the said wire and took Shiva to bath room. In bathroom, accused No. 1 pushed Shiva to wall, then called Raju - brother of Shiva and asked him to wash the body of Shiva. Shiva was unable to stand. Accused No. 1 gave 3 or 4 blows by means of brick on head of Shiva. Raju (Chhota) tried to give food to Shiva, but he did not take food. He also could not drink water. He was moaning and was then silent. Accused No. 1 then kept Shiva on a gunny bag. He put his hand on abdomen of Shiva and just moved the abdomen. Accused No. 1 then told that Shiva is dead. All the boys started weeping. Accused No. 1 then said that they should remain quite and should not weep. The accused No. 1 left the premises saying that he would be coming shortly. Accused No. 1 came along with accused No. 3. Accused No. 3 then told that there should not be any frightening and that Shiva was alive. Accused No. 3 was not allowing the inmates to go out and outsider to come in. Outside the house of accused No. 1, many persons had gathered. Accused No. 2 then changed the clothes of Shiva and accused Nos. 1 and 2 took Shiva to hospital on M-80 two wheeler. His statement was recorded at about 9 or 10 P.M. After the incident, he stayed in the house of accused No. 1 for 3 to 4 days and then he was taken to remand home. His statement was also recorded by Judicial Magistrate First Class, Want. He identified the stick, iron rod, black wire, rope, brick, pipe and also the clothes of Shiva in Court. In his cross-examination he has admitted that his age was 12 years at the time of incident. When he was brought from Tamil Nadu for work, the elder brother of accused No. 1 gave Rs. 500/- to his mother. Accused No. 1 was not giving him any salary. He has not been paid remuneration for 3 years inspite of his work. Hedenied that Shiva was ill since before 2 days of the incident. He admitted that accused No. 1 had beaten him for about 10 to 15 times during his working of three years. Some omissions from his statement recorded by Judicial Magistrate, First Class are brought on record; that Shiva had gone to answer nature's call, accused No. 1 caused Shiva to lie on a gunny bag, accused No. 3 was not allowing the inmates to go cut and outsiders to come in, accused No. 1 gave blows by means of bricks on the head of Shiva, that they used to start work at 3 or 4 a.m., that accused No. 1 was forcibly taking work from them and accused No. 1 did not allow them to leave the house. He denied the suggestion that since four days one Rupa Kulkarni of Nagpur was tutoring him at Yavatmal. He also denied the police also tutored him. He admitted that he did not said before the police and Magistrate that the accused No. 1 was beating with pipe and cycle tube. He also did not state before the Magistrate that accused No. 1 started Tape Recorder and kept its volume high. Accused No. 1 asked Muni Andi to beat Shiva and Muni Andi sustained leg injury on his left leg. He also did not state that accused No. 1 beat Shiva by means of wire. Accused No. 1 asked Raju (Chhota) to wash the body of Shiva and his clothes were changed. It is not stated before the Police and Magistrate that Shiva was lifted by means of wire. Similarly, that Shiva was unable to stand and accused No. 1 told that Shiva died.

Raja Jairaj Devar (P.W. 7) also given his age as 15 years at the time of deposition. He deposed in Hindi language. He worked with accused No. 1 at the time of incident. He had stated that before 4/5 days prior to the incident, accused No. 1 Ganesh caused burn injuries by means of bidi on his throat. He was referred to Government Hospital at Wani. He narrated the entire incident in the similar fashion as P.W. 6 about the beating and torture to Shiva. He has stated that accused No. 1 beat him several times. He denied that Shiva was ill for few days. He did not state before the Magistrate that accused No. 1 beat Shiva by means of iron rod, stick, pipe, brick. He admitted to have stated before the Magistrate portion marked 'B' that accused Nos. 1 and 2 beat Shiva, accused No. 1 put wire around the neck of Shiva and lifted and took Shiva to bathroom and beat Shiva by hand. He did not state before the Magistrate that accused No. 2 caused burn injuries to Shiva by means of iron rod. Number of omissions are taken out from his statement recorded under section 164 of Code of Criminal Procedure. He did not state before the Magistrate that accused No. 2 caused burn injuries by means of iron rod to Shiva and then about asking Muni Andi by accused No. 1 to beat Shiva and till about 5 to 6 p.m. beating continued; Shiva answering nature's call in half pant, accused No. 1 asking Raja (Chhota) to wash the body of Shiva; accused No. 1 putting Shiva on a gunny bag; accused No. 1 putting his hand on the abdomen of Shiva; calling him by name twice and accused No. 1 telling that Shiva died. .

He has admitted that 7/8 days prior to the deposition in Court the Yavatmal Police brought him to Yavatmal from Tamil Nadu. He, however denied that since then the Police were tutoring him.

P.W. 8 Dr. Moreshwar Mahajan has performed the post mortem examination over the dead body of Shiva. He also examined Muni Andi, Raja Jairaj and Raja Murgan. On the person of Muni Andi he found one injury bleeding wound (clotted) over the middle part of left leg on its front side of size 1' x 1/3' x 1/3'. He opined that the injury might have been caused by blunt object within 24 hours of his examination. On the person of P.W. 7 Raja, he noticed the following injuries;

'1. Irregular healed scar of wound of size 1/2' to 3' to 1/3' rd x 1/2'. There were ten injuries of this nature on back. One healed scar left wrist of size 1' x 1/3'.

2. Circular infected wound over the front of left size of neck of size 1/3' x 1/3'.

3. Irregular wound of size 1/2' x 1/3' on right leg.'

He gave his opinion that the injury No. 1 was possible by hard and blunt object and while injury Nos. 2 and 3 were possible by hot object. In respect of age of injuries, he deposed that injury No. 1 might have been caused before 10 days of his examination and injury Nos. 2 and 3 might have been caused within 3 to 4 days.

On the person of Raja Murgan, he noticed two injuries, one multiple old healed scar all over the back of size ranging from 1/2' to 4' x 1/2' in zig zag manner and infected wounds of size 1/2' to 4' x 1/3rd' to 1/2' in zigzag manner, over back and upper both arms, abdomen, left ear. He has stated that injury No. 1 might have been caused by hard and blunt object before 10 to 15 days and injury No. 2 might have been caused by hot rod like object within 3 to 4 days of his examination. He proved his Injury certificates Ex. 89, 90 and 91 respectively.

He found the following injuries on the dead body of Shiva;

'There were multiple wounds (injuries) all over the body in a zig zag manner of size ranging from 1/3' to 6' x 1/3' to 1/2' some of them were near about round, of size 1/3' to 1/2' some of them were healed and might be of 10 to 15 days before and some of them were recently occurred within 24 hours to 3 days. The most of the long size injuries had two parallel borders and intervening area of skin, was charred. The borders were brownish raised. Some of the outstanding injuries were recently caused within 24 hours which were as follows :

On back about 30 ranging from 1' to 1/3rd' to 6' x 1/2'.

Neck 3 ranging from 1 1/2' x 1/3 rd' to 11/2' x 1/2'. Chest 11 ranging from 2' x1/2' Both leg. left leg 2 ranging from 1' x 1/3'.

Right leg 1 ranging from 1 1/2' x 1/2'. Right gluteal area - 2 ranging 1 1/2' x 1/2'left gluteal area one 1/2' x 1/2' Thighs left-2' x 1'

Right. Three 1 1/2 x 1/2'.

Both soles- two inches x 1/2' inch, dorsum of foot-1' x 1/2' (right) 3' x 1/2' left. Left ear and nose 1/2' x 1/2' charred skin.

Upper lip-lacerated at centre 1/2' x 1/4' x 1/4' Head-contusion on occipital area2' x 1/2' x 1/2' with bleeding abrasion.'

He has stated that all the injuries were ante mortem. In his opinion, the cause of death was due to multiple injuries by hot rod like object. He proved the post mortem report Ex. 87. The charred skin injuries are possible if any heated articles come in the contact with body. These injuries are also possible by the heated rod and except head injury all other injuries are possible due to heated rod. Head injuries is possible due to hard and blunt object like brick. The articles seized from the spot were sent for his examination and opinion by letter of P.S.I. dated 23-7-1993 Ex. No. 40. He opined that the injuries mentioned in column No. 17 of his post mortem report Ex. 87 could be caused with the weapon mentioned in Ex. 40 and death of deceased can be caused with the injuries mentioned in the post mortem report. He admitted in cross-examination that zigzag manner injuries cannot be caused by rod. He did not mention number of old injuries in column No. 17 of the post mortem report. He showed his ignorance about the classification of death viz. Sometic, Systematic and Molecular. He admitted that in burning cases, the Medical Officer is required to give percentage ofburn and when confronted with the proposition given at page No. 184 of Modi's Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology (20th Edition) he agreed with the proposal that there is marked fluid loss resulting in shock when over 20% of the body is affected and usually over 50% is fatal.

P.W. 9 Anil Ramchandra Dhumanwar is a photographer. On 29-6-1992, he was given requisition by Police Station Officer, Wani asking him to take photographs on the next day morning. He visited Government Hospital, Wani at 8 or 8.30 A.M. along-with police. Dead body of Shiva was lying on the table of the hospital. He took 9 snaps of the dead body from different angles. He was shown negatives and positives. The positives are as per negatives. The positives photos are at Exs. 97 to 105. He has also taken 6 snaps of the scene of offence from different angles. Positive photos are at Exs. 106 to 111.

P.W. 10 Baban is a panch witness of scene of offence Ex. 38. He states that Shiva's brother Raja showed the articles lying at the scene of offence. Wire, stick, Nylon rope, one cycle tube, one iron bar, one half pant, one Manila, two gunny bags were lying. On gunny bags there were stains of blood. All those articles were seized as per panchanama Ex. 114. Similarly one full pant of Muni Andi was also seized vide Ex. 115.

Liladhar Ghate (P.W. 11) is also a panch witness. He states that on the dead body there were injuries. On 1-7-1993 at about 1.30 or 2 P.M. the accused No. 1 expressed his willingness to show the brick at his house. Memorandum Ex. 118 was prepared. Accused No. 1 took him and other panch and police to his house and he produced a piece of brick from his house vide seizure panchanama Ex. 119.

Dastgirkhan Umarkhan Mulla (P.W. 12) is Judicial Magistrate, First Class, Wani. On the orders of Chief Judicial Magistrate, Yavatmal, he recorded statements of the witnesses on 13-8-1993.

Motilal Jadhao (P.W. 13) is the Investigating Officer. After registering the crime, he proceeded to Rural Hospital, Wani. He recorded statements of witnesses including P.W. 2 Sonu Sahare, P.W. 4 Mohd. Sheikh Sattar. Thereafter he seized the clothes on the person of accused vide Seizure panchanama Ex. 123 and clothes of accused No. 2 vide Ex. 122. Next morning he prepared scene of offence panchanama (Ex. 38) and as per his instructions Anil (P.W. 9) took photographs of the scene of offence Ex. 106 to 111. The instruments of assaults were seized as per panchanama Ex. 114. Blood stained pant of Muni Andi was seized Ex. 115. Then he prepared inquest panchanama Ex. 117 and referred the body of Shiva for post mortem. He recorded statements of P.W. 6 Raja Devar, P.W. 3 Divakar Bharatkar and arrested accused No. 3 Kamruddin. On 1-7-1993 on the memorandum of accused No. 1 Ex. 118, he seized piece of brick as per Seizure panchanama Ex. 119. On 2-7-1993, he received the post mortem report Ex. 87. On 26-7-1993, he sent property to Chemical Analyser vide forwarding letter Ex. 65. He requested Judicial Magistrate, First Class to record the statements of witnesses under section 164 of Code of Criminal Procedure. On 23-7-1993 he made a query Ex. 30 to Medical Officer (P.W. 8) Dr. Moreshwar Mahajan and he received the opinion of Dr. Mahajan Ex, 88. He has stated that on three sides of house of accused No. 1 there was open side. On front side there is Pakka wall and to three sides there were Tatta (bamboo matting). From outside, inside things were visible from three portions. On 30-7-1993 he sent two empty gunny bags to C.A. and on 30-8-1993 he submitted charge. He admitted in cross-examination that due to Moharrum, police were given patrolling duty at Wani on 29-6-1993 and no policeperson reported about the incident to police station during whole day. Chemical Analyser's reports are at Ex. 131 and 132. C.A. Reports show that on the cut Jerky of deceased Shiva, Manila of accused No. 2 and on Full Pant of Muni Andi, human blood was found and on Manila, and Full Pant of Muni Andi, blood group 'A' was detected. The blood group of Muni Andi is of Group 'A'. In viscera no recognizable poison was detected.

7. The learned Counsel appearing for the accused have not seriously challenged the evidence of PW. 1 Ganpat, P.W. 2 Sonu, P.W. 3 Diwakar and P.W. 4 Mohammad Sheikh. In cross-examination, it was suggested to these witnesses that they could not witness the incident of beating from the hole of Tatta. There was bamboo matting on three sides-eastern, northern and southern of Room No. 2. On western side, there is wall of 4 feet high and above that bamboo matting. There were bamboo mattings to the house of accused No. 1 at the time of incident is established. Witnesses P.Ws. 2, 3 and 4 are the residents of the same Rangari Mohalla Ward No. 28. They have no animus against the accused, and nothing is elicited in cross-examination of these witnesses to discredit their testimony.

8. As regards the evidence of P.Ws. 6 and 7 the contention of the learned Counsel for the accused is that they are not at all worthy witnesses and they are tutored and as accused No. 1 was beating them and forcing them to work, they are speaking falsely against the accused. The learned Counsel for accused No. 2 has submitted that there are number of omissions amounting to contradictions taken out on record in respect of their statements recorded under section 164 of Code of Criminal Procedure by the Judicial Magistrate, First Class. It is submitted that the statement recorded under section 164 can be used for corroboration and for contradiction. It is an admitted position that P.Ws. 6 and 7 were residing with accused No. 1 in his house. At the time of incident, they were 12 years old. Although these witnesses have narrated the incident in detail about the torture and beatings to Shiva by the accused Nos. 1 and 2, they have stated in examination in-chief that Shiva passed excreta in his half pant and after the beating was over, he was placed on a gunny bag and he succumbed to the injuries. The statement of P.W. 6 under section 161 of Code of Criminal Procedure is recorded by Police on 29-6-1993 and the statement of P.W. 7 is recorded on the next day morning. They were produced before the Judicial Magistrate, First Class for recording their statements after about 1 1/2 months. In cross-examination of these witnesses only insignificant omissions are taken out in respect of the police statements and there are number of omissions in 164 statements. In the deposition of P.W. 7 Raja, he did not state that accused No. 2 caused burn injury by means of iron rod to Shiva. No such omission is taken out from his 161 Criminal Procedure Code statement. Therefore, no significance can be attached to this omission. There is no such omission in the deposition of P.W. 6 Mukesh @ Murgan. The statements of these two witnesses are recorded by Judicial Magistrate on the same day. The eye-witness account of these two witnesses P.Ws. 6 and 7 cannot be doubted as their presence is admitted and they have also no animus against the accused. Their evidence is natural. Their evidence also finds corroboration from the medical evidence of P.W. 8 about the injuries and passing excreta and also from the spot panchanama Ex. 38. The learned Counsel for the accused have also not seriously challenged the evidence of P.Ws. 6 and 7 about the beating by accused Nos. 1 and 2. Therefore, from the evidence of P.Ws. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7, it is proved beyonddoubt that Shiva was beaten and tortured by accused Nos. 1 and 2. The faint attempt is being made that P.Ws. 6 and 7 are child witnesses and they were tutored by police and by another lady. These two witnesses have denied that they were tutored. Therefore there is no merit in this submission.

9. The most important piece of evidence is the post mortem report Ex. 87. P.W. 8 Dr. Moreshwar Mahajan who was working as Medical Officer, Rural Hospital, Wani on 30-6-1993 and who has performed the autopsy on the dead body of Shiva. While describing the nature of external injuries on the dead body of Shiva he described the multiple wounds (injuries) in zig zag manner. In cross-examination he admitted that zig zag manner injuries cannot be caused by rod. There are number of injuries on the back about 30, neck three, chest-eleven, both legs, left leg-2, right leg-1 and all other parts of body. There was laceration in upper lip. There was contusion on occipital area 2' x 1/2' x 1/2' with bleeding abrasion. On internal examination P.W. 8 has noticed the contusion under the scalp on occipital 2' x 1/2' x 1/2' with bleeding abrasion, in column No. 19 of post mortem report. Heart and vessels were empty. Foecal matter was present in large intestine. Bladder was empty. The injuries on the dead body are clearly visible in the photographs which are proved on record. The photographs show that at one and the same place there are many multiple injuries of different dimensions and sizes, and therefore, P.W. 8 has described these injuries as in a zig zag manner. The admission of RW. 8 in cross-examination that zig zag manner injuries cannot be caused by rod is not of any assistance to accused,. In his evidence P.W. 8 has stated that some of the injuries found on the dead body were of 10 to 15 days old, because they were healed and duration of some injuries are given as 24 hours to 3 days. The recent injuries which were mostly of the long size injuries had two parallel borders and intervening area of skin was charred. The borders were brownish raised and he has described these injuries in column No. 17 of post mortem report Ex. 87. We have inspected the rod and other articles. The long size injuries as described by P.W. 8 on the dead-body can certainly be caused by the iron rod. Accordingly to P.W. 8 charred skin injuries are possible if any heated article come into contact with the body and head injury was possible due to hard and blunt object such as brick also. He gave his opinion about the cause of death due to multiple injuries by hot rod like object. In his post mortem report Ex. 87 he has described one internal injury under the scalp contusion with bleeding abrasion. In his evidence, he has not stated which single injury was fatal or which injuries were sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. Neither the Public Prosecutor conducting the case, nor the learned trial Judge has taken proper care to elicit his opinion on this important aspect. Also about his admission in cross-examination that zig zag manner injuries cannot be caused by rod, he should have been asked about the clarification. The learned Counsel for accused No. 2 has submitted that the burns described by P.W. 8 on the dead body are superficial burns and no percentage of burns is given and no vital organ of the body was damaged. According to him, the post mortem examination is most perfunctory and death cannot be linked to the injuries. This is not a case of complete burning by setting the person ablaze. The burns are caused due to heated substance like rod, though we find one contusion on occipital area under the scalp in Column No. 19. The evidence of doctor is on par with any other witness, though he is expert witness. His opinion is not binding on Court. The Court has to form the opinion from the material and evidence produced before it. Therefore, the omission on the part of P.W. 8 instating his opinion about the fatal injuries or which injuries were sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death does not affect the prosecution case. From the eye-witness account and from the evidence of P.W. 8 innumerable injuries were caused to deceased. The torture lasted for a considerable period of time. The pain and agony of the injuries were so instance that deceased passed excreta in his half pant. This shows that the deceased could not bear the pain caused by the injuries, and therefore, immediately he collapsed and died on spot. There is no other cause except these injuries and he died after the receipt of injuries. Therefore, the death of Shiva is certainly the result of the injuries by shock, and therefore, although the doctor P.W. 8 has not stated that the injuries were sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death, still we find that the injuries were sufficient because after the receipt of the injuries Shiva died within a short span of time.

10. This takes us to another submission of the learned Counsel for the accused that there was no intention on the part of the accused Nos. 1 and 2 to kill Shiva. It is true that there was no intention on the part of accused Nos. 1 and 2 to kill Shiva. As Shiva did not return from answering nature's call for an hour or two, accused Nos. 1 and 2 along with Muni Andi went to search him and when he was traced and brought to the house of accused No. 1, he worked till 10 A.M. and thereafter the actual assault of beating and torture started. Had it been the intention of the accused Nos. 1 and 2 to kill Shiva, they would not have given such prolong beating and torture. Initially this beating was with a view to teach Shiva lesson or to punish him. But gradually when assault after assault, beating and giving burns by heated substance like iron rod without any mercy on a very tender boy was committed, knowledge can be attributed to accused Nos. 1 and 2 that by their acts, death of Shiva was certain. The learned Counsel for accused No. 2 has placed reliance on Laxman Kalu v. State of Maharashtra, : 1968CriLJ1647 . This is a case of single injury. The learned Counsel for accused No. 2 also relied on the decisions reported in Chuttan v. State of M.P., : 1994CriLJ2097 Madan Gopal Kakkad v. Naval Dubey & another, : [1992]2SCR921 injuries by sticks and those are on non-vital part, and therefore, offence came under section 304 Part II of Indian Penal Code. Dalip Singh v. State of Haryana, A.I.R. 1993 S.C. 2119 similarly under section 304 Part II. In this case, as already observed, there are multiple injuries on vital parts of the body. Every injury by heated rod results in acute pain and agony, and therefore, a little boy of 10 years, must be terror stricken by the violence caused by accused Nos. 1 and 2. In State of A.P. v. R. Punnayya, : 1977CriLJ1 the Apex Court has given guidelines when offence falls under section 300 or when under section 299 when the Court is confronted with this question. In this case, injuries were caused by stick on non-vital part of the body, leg and arms. In para 14 of the judgment, it is held as under ;

'Clause (b) of section 299 corresponds with cls. (2) and (3) of section 300. The distinguishing feature of the mens rea requisite under Clause (2) is the knowledge possessed by the offender regarding the particular victim being in such a peculiar condition or state of health that the intentional harm caused to him is likely to be fatal, notwithstanding the fact that such harm would not in the ordinary way of nature be sufficient to cause death of a person in normal health or condition. It is noteworthy that the 'intention to cause death' is not an essential requirement of Clause (2). Only theintention of causing the bodily injury coupled with the offender's knowledge of the likelihood of such injury causing the death of the particular victim, is sufficient to bring the killing within the ambit of this clause. This aspect of Clause (2) is borne out by Illustration (b) appended to section 300.'

In para 16, it is observed as follows ;

'In Clause (3) of section 300, instead of the words 'likely to cause death' occurring in the corresponding Clause (b) of section 299, the words 'sufficient in the ordinary course of nature' have been used. Obviously, the distinction lies between a bodily injury likely to cause death and a bodily injury sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. The distinction is fine but real, and, if overlooked, may result in miscarriage of justice. The difference between Clause (b) of section 299 and Clause (3) of section 300 is one of the degree of probability of death resulting from the intended bodily injury. To put it more broadly, it is the degree of probability of death which determines whether a culpable homicide is of the gravest, medium or the lowest degree. The word 'likely' in Clause (b) of section 299 conveys the sense of 'probable' as distinguished from a mere possibility. The words 'bodily injury..... sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death' mean that death will be the 'most probable* result of the injury, having regard to the ordinary course of nature.'

In para 39, it is held as under :

'.... Just as in Anda's case, here also, the aim of the assailants was to smash the arms and legs of the deceased, and they succeeded in that design, causing no less than 19 injuries, including fractures of most of the bones of the legs and the arms. While in Anda's case, the sticks used by the assailants were not specially dangerous, in the instant case they were unusually heavy, lethal weapons. All these acts of the accused were preplanned and intentional, which, considered objectively in the light of the medical evidence, were sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. The mere fact that the beating was designedly confined by the assailants to the legs and arms or that none of the multiple injuries inflicted was individually sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death, will not exclude the application of Clause 3rdly of section 300. The expression 'bodily injury' in clause 3rdly includes also its plural, so that the clause would cover a case where all the injuries intentionally caused by the accused are cumulatively sufficient to cause the death in the ordinary course of nature, even if none of those injuries individually measures upto such sufficiency.'

11. Shri Hardas has submitted that this case is distinct from the present case and he referred to para 35 where Dr. Sarojini, P.W. 12's evidence is considered. Dr. Sarojini had conducted post mortem examination of the dead body of the deceased. She had dissected the body and examined the injuries to the internal organs. She was therefore the best, informed expert who could opine with authority as to the cause of the death and as to the sufficiency or otherwise of the injuries from which the death ensued. Dr. Sarojini's evidence on this point stood on a better footing than that of the Doctors who had externally examined the deceased in his lifetime. Despite thisposition, the High Court has not specifically considered the evidence of Dr. Sarojini with regard to the sufficiency of the injuries to cause death in the ordinary course of nature. There is no reason why Dr. Sarojini's evidence with regard to the second element of Clause (3) of section 300 be not accepted. Dr. Sarojini's evidence satisfactorily establishes the presence of the second element of this clause. The submission of the learned Counsel Shri Hardas is that the second element of Clause 3rdly is not proved in this case as the medical evidence of P.W. 8 does not speak about the sufficiency in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. It is true that P.W. 8 has not stated in his evidence about the injuries being sufficient, but as observed earlier, as Shiva died due to the injuries on the same day, the cumulative effect of all the injuries is that the injuries were sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. Even according to Modi's Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology in Chapter IX page 231,

'INJURIES FROM BURNS, SCALDS, LIGHTENING AND ELECTRICITY BURNS AND SCALDS

...................

Effects of Burns -

4. The Site.- Extensive burns of the trunk, even though superficial, are much more dangerous than those of the extremities....

A. Immediate Causes of Death :

1. Shock.--..... Shock may also occur from fright before the individual isaffected by burns, if his heart is weak or diseased.'

In this case, Shiva was a young boy of 10 years, weak. We are, therefore satisfied that accused Nos. 1 and 2 in furtherence of their common intention have committed the murder of Shiva and they are guilty of section 302 of Indian Penal Code, We have gone through the reasonings given by the trial Court and we generally agree with the reasonings and findings of conviction.

12. Coming to the sentence part, the learned trial Judge has awarded the death sentence to accused No. 1, though he is found guilty for the offence punishable under section 302 read with section 34 of Indian Penal Code. The other accused No. 2 is sentenced to R.I. for life, as he acted and caused injuries to Shiva on the say of accused No. 1. In paragraph 96, the trial Judge has observed as under :

'P.W. No. 8 Dr. Mahajan had shown the injuries on the dead body of Shiva in Col. No. 17. Taking into consideration inquest panchanama, post-mortem notes, the photos, it is thus clear that there was no end for brutality, and the way in which the small boy was done to death. There must be preplan in the mind of the accused No. 1 to commit murder of the boy viz. Shiva since accused No. 1 continued torture on the boy till his death. The conduct on the part of the accused No. 1 was of callous nature and that must be branded as diabolic.'

In Para, 39, the trial Court held as under ;

'It is needless to say that the degree of cruelty was very much high. There was nomercy with the Accused No. 1 which was very much exhibited by his conduct.'

In para 98 he has referred to the incident of causing burn injuries on throat of P.W.7 Raja by burning bidi. He observed that, was the antecedent of accused No. 1. Hemust be condemned to death and no leniency should be shown to accused No. 1.

13. Shri Wankhede has submitted that the trial Judge has adopted a wrong approach. The sole motive was to give punishment to Shiva only to extract work and as Accused No. 1 was running the eatable shop and he used to sale eatables daily in time to customers, he had to extract work from the boys. According to him, !he accused No. 1 is a young person aged about 25 years and if allowed to live, he would not be a menace to the society. On the other hand, Shri Deshpande, has submitted that the deceased was ;

(i) a tender age boy of 10 years;

(ii) his movements were confined;

(iii) his liberty was curtailed;

(iv) Cruel and brutal murder; and

(v) There would be an adverse impact on society on the manner in which the acts are done.

14. In Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab, : 1980CriLJ636 in para 200 of the judgment, the Supreme Court have quoted Or. Chitale who has suggested the following 'aggravating circumstances' :

'Aggravating circumstances : A Court may, however, in the following cases impose the penalty of death in its discretion :

(a) if the murder has been committed after previous planning and involves extreme brutality; or

(b) if the murder involves exceptional depravity; or

(c) ............

(d) if the murder is of a person who had acted in the lawful discharge of his duty under section 43 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, or who had rendered assistance to a Magistrate or a police officer demanding his aid or requiring his assistance under section 37 and section 129 of the said Code.'

In para 201 it is stated that they would prefer not to fetter judicial discretion by attempting to make an exhaustive enumeration one way or the other. In para 204 Dr. Chitaley's mitigating circumstances are given;

'In the exercise of its discretion in the above cases, the Court shall take into account the following circumstances :--

(1) That the offence was committed under the influence of extreme mental or emotional disturbance.

(2) The age of the accused. If the accused is young or old, he shall not be sentenced to death.

(3) The probability that the accused would not commit criminal acts of violence as would constitute a continuing threat to society.

(4) The probability that the accused can be reformed and rehabilitated. The State shall by evidence prove that the accused does not satisfy the conditions 3 and 4 above.

(5) that in the facts and circumstances of the case the accused believed that he was morally justified in committing the offence.

(6) That the accused acted under the duress or domination of another person.

(7) That the condition of the accused showed that he was mentally defective and that the said defect impaired his capacity to appreciate the criminality of his conduct.'

In Macchi Singh v. State of Punjab, : 1983CriLJ1457 , the Apex Court has given illustrative cases as to when it can be said that the case is of the rarest of the rare type which would warrant infliction of the extreme punishment of death. In para 34 it is stated that;

'In order to apply these guidelines inter alia the following questions may be asked and answered :

(a) Is there something uncommon about the crime which renders sentence of imprisonment for life inadequate and calls for a death sentence?

(b) Are the circumstances of the crime such that there is no alternative but to impose death sentence even after according maximum weightage to the mitigating circumstances which speak in favour of the offender?'

And in para 35, it is held;

'If upon taking an overall global view of all the circumstances in the light of the aforesaid proposition and taking into account the answers to the questions posed hereinabove, the circumstances of the case are such that death sentence is warranted, the Court would proceed to do so.'

After recording a finding of conviction before awarding death sentence, the trial Court has to consider the aggravating circumstances and mitigating circumstances. The trial Judge has not considered this aspect of the case and he has not given proper opportunity to accused No. 1 and for prosecution.

In Allauddin Mian v. State of Bihar, head Note (D) reads as under;

'Criminal P.C. (1974), Section 235(2) - Penal Code 1860, section 302 - Sentencing - Murder - Procedure to be followed - Provision for giving of opportunity to accused - Mandatory - Trial Court after recording conviction should adjourn matter -Call upon prosecution and defence to place relevant material bearing on question ot sentence before pronouncing sentence.'

15. The trial Judge has delivered his judgment on 21-12-1995 and awarded the sentence on the same day, as the learned A.P.P. as well as the learned Counsel for accused submitted that they did not want to place relevant material bearing on the question of sentence before pronouncement of sentence. However, before recess he adjourned the matter for hearing the accused again and for hearing submissions of both sides and also for making up mind of the Court and after recess the sentence is awarded. In para 10 of Allauddin Mian's case (cited supra), it is observed :

'The sentencing Court must approach the question seriously and must endeavour to see that all the relevant facts and circumstance bearing on the question of sentence are brought on record. Only after giving due weight to the mitigating as well as the aggravating circumstances placed before it, it must pronounce the sentence. We think as a general rule the trial courts should after recording the conviction adjourn the matter to a future date and call upon both the prosecution as well as the defence to place the relevant material bearing on the question of sentence before it and thereafter pronounce the sentence to be imposed on the offender.'

16. Shri Wankhede, the learned Counsel for accused No. 1 is, therefore, right to say that the trial Judge has adopted a wrong approach in sentencing accused No. 1. The accused No. 1 is 25 years old and the evidence shows that the burn injuriesto Shiva are caused by accused No. 2, may be under the direction of accused No. 1 and the intention of the accused was to punish Shiva. The mitigating circumstances in this case are;

1. The age of accused, young person of aged about 25 years;

2. The probability that the accused would not commit criminal acts of violence as would constitute a continuing threat to society.

3. The probability that the accused can be reformed and rehabilitated. The State shall by evidence prove that the accused does not satisfy the conditions 3 and 4 above.

After considering the aggravating and mitigating circumstances of this case, we think that the mitigating circumstances outweigh the aggravating circumstances and therefore we do not accept the death reference.

17. As regards the conviction of accused Nos. 1 and 2 for the offence punishable under section 4(2)(b) read with sections 16 and 20 of Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976 recorded by the trial Judge, we find from the material and evidence on record that no case is made out under this Act. There is no evidence. Only in the cross-examination of P.Ws. 6 and 7 because of admission of P.Ws. 6 and 7 that the accused have given certain amount as balance to the relatives of P.Ws. 6 and 7, the learned trial Judge recorded this finding of conviction. Prosecution has not brought any evidence for proving the charge. Therefore, the conviction recorded by the trial Judge on that count cannot be sustained.

18. As regards the conviction of accused No. 1 for the offence under section 324 for causing burn injuries to P.W. 7 Raja, there is evidence of P.Ws. 6 and 7 and Dr. Moreshwar Mahajan (P.W. 8). Therefore, the conviction is sustainable.

19. In the result, the Death Reference is answered in the negative. The appeals of accused Nos. 1 and 2 are partly allowed. The accused Nos. 1 and 2 are acquitted for the offences under section 4(2)(b) punishable under sections 16 and 20 of Bonded Labour (Abolition) Act, 1976 and their conviction and sentence for the said offences are set aside.

The conviction of appellant No. 1 Ganesh s/o Raju Rajput for the offence punishable under section 302 read with section 34 of Indian Penal Code is maintained, but the sentence of death is converted into Rigorous Imprisonment for life. The conviction and sentence of accused No. 1 for the offence punishable under section 324 of Indian Penal Code are maintained. Both the sentences are to run concurrently.

The conviction and sentence of accused No. 2 Kumar Mondar for the offence punishable under section 302 read with section 34 of Indian Penal Code are maintained.

20. Appeal allowed partly.